Insect Defoliation as a Predisposing Agent to a Bark Beede Outbreak in Eastern Montana

Dewey, Jerald E.; Ciesla, William M.; Meyer, Hubert E.

doi:10.1093/ee/3.4.722

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Defoliation of conifers is often reported to precede bark beetle attack, and is therefore supposed to enhance susceptibility (Evenden, 1940;Wickman, 1963;1978;Dewey et al, 1974;Berryman & Wright, 1978;Basham, 1986). The present experiment gives some support to this suggestion, because in this case the capacity for induced defence against the beetles' fungal symbiont obviously was reduced.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Pruning enhances the susceptibility of Picea abies to infection by the bark beetle‐transmitted blue‐stain fungus, Ophiostoma polonicum

Christiansen¹,

Fjone²

1993

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Pruning enhances the susceptibility of Picea abies to infection by the bark beetle‐transmitted blue‐stain fungus, Ophiostoma polonicum

Christiansen¹,

Fjone²

1993

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

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“…Bark beetlesoutbreaks of which can kill 40-80% of stand basal area (Romme et al, 1986;Amoroso et al, 2013) are a common mortality agent in many coniferous forests. Beetles often attack and kill trees weakened by preceding or co-occurring stresses, and are therefore often associated with tree mortality following drought or defoliation (Dewey et al, 1974;Wickman, 1978;Wargo, 1996;Breshears et al, 2009;Gaylord et al, 2013). However, when population densities become large enough, some bark beetle species attack healthy trees, overcoming tree defenses through mass attack (Wallin & Raffa, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonstructural carbohydrate dynamics of lodgepole pine dying from mountain pine beetle attack

et al. 2015

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Bark beetle outbreaks are an important cause of tree death, but the process by which trees die remains poorly understood. The effect of beetle attack on whole-tree nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) dynamics is particularly unclear, despite the potential role of carbohydrates in plant defense and survival. We monitored NSC dynamics of all organs in attacked and protected lodgepole pines (Pinus contorta) during a mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak in British Columbia, starting before beetle flight in June 2011 through October 2012, when most attacked trees had died. Following attack, NSC concentrations were first reduced in the attacked region of the bole. The first NSC reduction in a distant organ appeared in the needles at the end of 2011, while branch and root NSC did not decline until much later in 2012. Attacked trees that were still alive in October 2012 had less beetle damage, which was negatively correlated with initial bark sugar concentrations in the attack region. The NSC dynamics of dying trees indicate that trees were killed by a loss of water conduction and not girdling. Further, our results identify locally reduced carbohydrate availability as an important mechanism by which stressors like drought may increase tree susceptibility to biotic attack.

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“…Terminal nodes (mean defoliation for the group) are in boldface type. result from infestation by the pine engraver Ips pini (Say) or Ips emarginatus (LeConte), which have shown both a preference for trees of smaller diameter and insect-defoliated pines (Dewey et al 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of season and interval of prescribed burn on ponderosa pine butterfly defoliation patterns

Kerns

Westlind

2013

Can. J. For. Res.

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Current knowledge concerning the interactions between forest disturbances such as fire and insect defoliation is limited. Wildfires and prescribed burns may influence the intensity and severity of insect outbreaks by affecting the vigor of residual trees, altering aspects of stand structure and abundance of preferred hosts, and by changing the physical environment within forest stands. Prescribed burn timing and frequency are particularly important aspects of the fire regime to consider because they can alter numerous aspects of tree vigor, stand structure, and environmental conditions, and can be manipulated by managers. We evaluated ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) defoliation patterns in relation to season (fall and spring) and interval (5 or 15 years) of prescribed burn in the southern Blue Mountains of Oregon. Beginning in 2008 a pine butterfly (Neophasia menapia C. Felder & R. Felder) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) outbreak coincided with a long-term experimental study, providing a unique opportunity to address this question. Defoliation patterns were measured in 2012. The 5 year interval plots had burned three times with five growing seasons of recovery and the 15 year interval plots had burned once with 15 growing seasons of recovery. Mean pine butterfly defoliation across the study area was about 71%. We found a significant interaction between season of burn and interval of burn on defoliation. Areas burned in the fall every 5 years had marginally less (about 5%) defoliation compared with areas that were burned in the fall 15 years previous. Regression tree analysis revealed that defoliation patterns varied based on stand location, percent mortality since the start of the experiment, and tree height. Our results show that (i) season of burn and interval of burn did not predispose these stands to increased defoliation during a pine butterfly outbreak and (ii) repeat burning may actually lead to lower defoliation. However, the effect we document is small and only marginally significant.Résumé : Les connaissances actuelles au sujet des interactions entre les perturbations de la forêt, telles que le feu et la défoliation par les insectes, sont limitées. Les feux de forêt et les brûlages dirigés peuvent influencer l'intensité et la sévérité des épidémies d'insecte. À cause de leur impact sur la vigueur des arbres résiduels, ils peuvent modifier les aspects de la structure du peuplement et l'abondance des hôtes préférés et changer l'environnement physique à l'intérieur des peuplements forestiers. La fréquence des brûlages dirigés et le moment où ils sont effectués sont des aspects particulièrement importants du régime des feux à prendre en compte parce qu'ils peuvent altérer plusieurs aspects de la vigueur des arbres, de la structure des peuplements et des conditions environnementales et peuvent être manipulés par les aménagistes. Nous avons évalué les schémas de défolia-tion du pin ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Lawson & C. Lawson) en fonction de la saison (automne ou print...

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Insect Defoliation as a Predisposing Agent to a Bark Beede Outbreak in Eastern Montana

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Pruning enhances the susceptibility of Picea abies to infection by the bark beetle‐transmitted blue‐stain fungus, Ophiostoma polonicum

Pruning enhances the susceptibility of Picea abies to infection by the bark beetle‐transmitted blue‐stain fungus, Ophiostoma polonicum

Nonstructural carbohydrate dynamics of lodgepole pine dying from mountain pine beetle attack

Effect of season and interval of prescribed burn on ponderosa pine butterfly defoliation patterns

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