Effect of season and interval of prescribed burn on ponderosa pine butterfly defoliation patterns

Kerns, Becky K.; Westlind, Douglas J.

doi:10.1139/cjfr-2013-0153

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…The study area is within the dry ponderosa pine forests (1570–1730 m) of the interior northwestern US, Blue Mountain Ecoregion (EPA Level III) in the state of Oregon (Figure 1). The stands are part of a larger long‐term experiment established in 1997 on the Malheur National Forest that has explored a range of questions about prescribed fire (Hatten et al, 2008; Kerns & Westlind, 2013; Smith et al, 2004; Thies et al, 2005). Stands were identified and delineated by forest managers in 1995 and thinned from below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term frequent fire and cattle grazing alter dry forest understory vegetation

Kerns,

Day

2024

Ecological Applications

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Understanding fire and large herbivore interactions in interior western forests is critical, owing to the extensive and widespread co‐occurrence of these two disturbance types and multiple present and future implications for forest resilience, conservation and restoration. However, manipulative studies focused on interactions and outcomes associated with these two disturbances are rare in forested rangelands. We investigated understory vegetation response to 5‐year spring and fall prescribed fire and domestic cattle grazing exclusion in ponderosa pine stands and reported long‐term responses, almost two decades after the first entry fires. In fall burn areas open to cattle grazing, total understory cover prior to utilization was about 12% lower compared with fall burn areas where cattle were experimentally excluded. This response was not strongly driven by a particular palatable or unpalatable plant functional group. Fire and grazing are likely interacting in a numerically mediated process, as we found little evidence to support a functionally moderated pathway. Post‐fire green‐up may equalize forage to a certain extent and concentrate herbivores in the smaller burned areas within pastures, constraining a positive understory response to burning. Fall fire and grazing also increased annual forbs and resprouting shrubs. The effects of spring burning were relatively minor, and we found no interaction with grazing. The nonnative annual grass Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) remains a problematic invader linked to fall burning but not grazing in stands that had higher propagule pressure when the experiment was initiated. At these sites, exotic grass was a major component of the vegetation by 2015, and invasion was also increasing in spring burn and unburned areas. Information from our study suggests that frequent fall fires and cattle grazing combined may reduce understory resilience in similar dry ponderosa pine forests. Consideration of longer fire return intervals, resting areas after fire, virtual fencing, or burning entire pastures may help to mitigate the effects noted in this study.

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