Insect chemosterilants: a review

Campion, D. G.

doi:10.1017/s0007485300047441

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 450 publications

(272 reference statements)

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“…In some insects the number of dominant lethal mutations in the spermatozoa induced by a chemosterilant, has been found to change with storage in the female spermathecae (Campion, 1972). A reduction in the number of dominant lethals was observed in the housefly following sterilization with tretamine (North, 1967) while an increase was reported in Drosophila when d'd' were similarly treated with tretamine (Ratnayake, 1968).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LABORATORY EVALUATION OF CONTACT SEX PHEROMONE AND BISAZIR FOR AUTOSTERILIZATION OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS

Coates

Langley

1982

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Using a combination of varying chemosterilant dose and exposure time, the ability of the compound bisazir, P, P‐bis (l‐aziridinyl)‐N‐methylphosphinothioic amide, to induce sterility in adult male G. m. morsitans has been evaluated by mating sterilized males to normal females and measuring their fecundity over 90 days. The product of dose and exposure time in hours is a constant for a given level of fertility reduction. The duration of copulatory responses of males to inanimate decoys dosed with G. m. morsitans sex pheromone and bisazir is such that a fertility reduction to less than 10% of normal can be achieved within the dose range of bisazir that causes no reduction in copulatory response, and within a time period that at least 75% of males are expected to remain in contact with the decoy. Chemosterilization with bisazir has no apparent deleterious effect upon the ability of males to engage in normal copulatory activity with a female and within the limits of laboratory experimentation such males compete equally with normal males to secure a mate. The prospects for utilisation of a sex pheromone/chemosterilant system to achieve auto‐sterilization of G. m. morsitans males in the field are discussed. RÉSUMÉ Évaluation en laboratoire de phéromone sexuelle de contact et de bisazir pour l'autostérilisation de Glossina morsitans Des expériences ont été mises au point pour évaluer la réduction de la fertilité des mâles de G. m. morsitans après exposition au bisazir stérilisant chimique à la thioaziridine, par contact des tarses avec des rondelles de cellulose ou par application locale. La reduction de la fertilité est évaluée en accouplant les mâles stérilisés à des femelles vierges normales dont la descendance est ensuite dénombrée pendant 90 jours. Les résultats montrent que la descendance des femelles ne croit pas pendant la longue période de stockage des spermatozoïdes qui suit l'accouplement avec un mâle stérilisé. La dose de bisazir et le temps d'exposition ont des effets cumulatifs tels que le product de la dose de bisazir et du temps d'exposition en heures donne un “facteur dose” à partir duquel on peut prédire un certain niveau de reduction de la fertilité mâle. Les réponses copulatoires des G. m. morsitans mâles, en présence de leurre rectangulares inanimés de nylon “peigné” imbibés de phéromone sexuelle de l'espèce, durent plus de 30 minutes chez 75% des mouches testées. L'addition de bisazir jusqu‘ à des doses de 320 μg/cm2ne réduit pas les réponses, mais des “facteurs doses” de 120 et 240 μg/cm2suffisent pour réduire la fertilité des males à 10 et 1%, respectivement. Ainsi, on peut envisager qu'une combinaison de phéromone et de bisazir sur le leurre réduira la fertilité d'au moins 75% des mâles à 10% au moins. La réduction de la fertilité des mâles à 10% ou 1% est aussi obtenue par application de bisazir à raison respectivement de 2 μg en 4,5 μg par mouche. La réduction légère, mais significative globalement, de la survie des mâles exposés à différentes doses de bisazir n'atteint le niveau de significati...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LABORATORY EVALUATION OF CONTACT SEX PHEROMONE AND BISAZIR FOR AUTOSTERILIZATION OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS

Coates

Langley

1982

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…It is unlikely that different species of Glossina utilise the same sex pheromone, but the indications are that they are all long-chain methyl branched alkanes of very low volatility (Huyton et al, 19806). Thus, the arrestant effect of pheromone-baited decoys on wild G. m. morsitans males suggests that combinations of pheromone compounds and suitable chemosterilants could provide a highly specific method for the autosterilisation of these insects, while restricting the application of such toxic compounds to the target species alone (Campion, 1972). Alternatively, the low volatility of 15,19,-23-trimethylheptatriacontane, which remains liquid at ambient temperatures, could provide a means of confusing male sexual responses in the field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae) sex Pheromone on behaviour of males in field and laboratory

Langley

Huyton

Carlson

et al. 1981

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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More adult males of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westw. were caught with hand nets in Tanzania from a man-carried dark screen baited with surrogate female decoys impregnated with synthetic 15,19,23-trimethylheptatriacontane (the G. m. morsitans sex pheromone) than from a screen bearing unimpregnated decoys or from a screen alone. A similar pattern was obtained with G. pallidipes Aust., but the variations in numbers of both species caught within and between fly-round sectors were large. Although many G. m. morsitans males attracted to the screens visually were seen to engage in copulatory activity with pheromone-impregnated decoys, none of the G. pallidipes so attracted was seen to do so. It is therefore concluded that catches of G. m. morsitans were not improved by the presence of pheromone-baited decoys on visually attractive screens. Copulatory behaviour was frequently interrupted by other flies and/or the flies flew off as soon as the screen ceased to move. Of the G. m. morsitans males attracted to a baited screen on the back of a slowly moving vehicle, 51 % were seen to have alighted on the impregnated decoys and 42% were engaged in copulatory behaviour with the decoys immediately after the vehicle stopped. Copulatory responses of wild male G. m. morsitans to pheromone-impregnated decoys in glass tubes approximated those of laboratory-reared males only after confinement for several hours at low light intensity. Contamination of laboratory-reared male G. m. morsitans with synthetic pheromone elicited prolonged male:male copulatory behaviour. Prospects for the use of the G. m. morsitans sex pheromone in population studies or control programmes are discussed.

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“…Compounds that suppress insect reproduction and compounds that control immature holometabolous insects can complement adult‐stage insecticides and contribute to insect population control efforts (Barik, ; Campion, ). Sampson, Werle, Stringer, and Adamczyk () showed erythritol added to Drosophila foods decreased pupation rates in culture vials in a dose‐dependent manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erythritol ingestion impairs adult reproduction and causes larval mortality in Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

O’Donnell

Baudier

Fiocca

et al. 2017

J Applied Entomology

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Previous feeding studies showed the polyalcohol erythritol was toxic when ingested by adult laboratory fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). We asked whether erythritol could additionally affect fly population growth either through larval toxicity or through effects on adult reproduction. Females did not avoid laying on food substrates with 1M erythritol; laying rate on 1M erythritol food was similar to control food when females were given free‐choice access. Eggs laid or placed on 0.5 M to 2.5 M erythritol foods hatched at normal rates, suggesting erythritol was not toxic to eggs upon contact. Drosophila melanogaster larvae readily consumed food containing 1 M erythritol, but none of these larvae reached pupation. Longevity of larvae feeding on in 1 M erythritol food was significantly reduced relative to controls, and mean ± SE larval lifespan on erythritol was 1.54 ± 0.10 days (max. = 3 days). Exposing cohorts of second‐instar larvae to food with varying concentrations of erythritol showed the LD50 (at 24 hr) concentration was approximately 0.6 M. Taken together, these results suggest erythritol could be employed in effective larval‐sink baits. Adults flies fed with erythritol produced significantly fewer eggs on days when they fed on 1 M erythritol, and egg production was significantly reduced for one additional day after the adults were moved to control food. These findings suggest erythritol is rapid and effective at temporarily suppressing D. melanogaster reproduction, increasing its potential for use in effective insect population control.

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Insect chemosterilants: a review

Cited by 25 publications

References 450 publications

LABORATORY EVALUATION OF CONTACT SEX PHEROMONE AND BISAZIR FOR AUTOSTERILIZATION OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS

LABORATORY EVALUATION OF CONTACT SEX PHEROMONE AND BISAZIR FOR AUTOSTERILIZATION OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS

Effects of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae) sex Pheromone on behaviour of males in field and laboratory

Erythritol ingestion impairs adult reproduction and causes larval mortality in Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

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