"Input capability and speed of processing in mental retardation": A reply to Stanovich and Purcell.

Saccuzzo, Dennis P.

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.90.2.172

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Study of the effects of medication indicated that antipsychotic drugs may actually enhance the performance of schizophrenics in the masking and related attentionally dependent paradigms . And by demonstrating quantitative as well as qualitative differences in the masking performance of schizophrenics and the elderly, who show generalized deterioration, Brody, Saccuzzo, and Braff (1980) have argued against generalized deficit as the primary factor in the poor masking performance of schizophrenics (see Saccuzzo 1977, for a discussion of generalized deficits in schizophrenia and old age).…”

Section: Schizophrenia Bulletinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information-processing Abnormalities: Trait- and State-dependent Components

Saccuzzo

Braff

1986

Schizophrenia Bulletin

133

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Schizophrenics were compared to schizoaffective, bipolar, and nonpsychotic depressed patients in a visual masking paradigm in which an informational target stimulus was followed at varying intervals by a noninformational masking stimulus. In limiting the availability of the sensory signal provided by the target stimulus, the mask was used to probe how information from the environment enters and is processed by the central nervous system. The use of the masking paradigm was originally based on the hypothesis that thought disorder is a result of a more primary dysfunction in the processes that precede and result in thought. Results confirmed previous findings of a performance deficit in the schizophrenics when compared to nonpsychotic controls. Schizoaffective and bipolar patients also showed evidence of impaired processing, however. Results were interpreted in terms of a trait/state formulation in which impaired information processing is seen as a fundamental trait of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and as a state that can covary with psychotic illness in general. A unifying concept centers on the effects of psychopathological conditions on an individual's processing resources that results in either underprovision or overprovision of information from sensory input to complex cognitive operations dependent on the cerebral cortex. Findings from a variety of paradigms are consistent with those of the masking paradigm in revealing that the processing deficits of schizophrenics are time dependent and occur in the 500 ms following stimulus input.

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Section: Schizophrenia Bulletinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information-processing Abnormalities: Trait- and State-dependent Components

Saccuzzo

Braff

1986

Schizophrenia Bulletin

133

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“…Although information processing studies of schizophrenia have often raised as many questions as they have answered (e.g., Knight & Sims-Knight, 1979), programmatic investigations seem to be gradually narrowing down the number of viable interpretations of the empirical findings (Knight & Sims-Knight, 1980). Psychophysical procedures that evaluate an individual's response to one or more briefly exposed visual stimuli have shown considerable relevance in applications of information processing concepts to psychopathology (Saccuzzo, 1981). Saccuzzo, Hirt, and Spencer (1974), for example, found that the minimum interval between an informational test stimulus (TS) and a noninfor-Requests for reprints should be sent to Dennis P. Saccuzzo, Psychology Clinic, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182. mational backward masking stimulus necessary to achieve unmasked levels of performance easily discriminated schizophrenics from patient and nonpatient controls.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information processing approaches to schizophrenia, for example, have attempted to isolate a stage of information processing defect that can account for a broad range of behavioral symptoms (Saccuzzo, 1977). Although information processing studies of schizophrenia have often raised as many questions as they have answered (e.g., Knight & Sims-Knight, 1979), programmatic investigations seem to be gradually narrowing down the number of viable interpretations of the empirical findings (Knight & Sims-Knight, 1980).Psychophysical procedures that evaluate an individual's response to one or more briefly exposed visual stimuli have shown considerable relevance in applications of information processing concepts to psychopathology (Saccuzzo, 1981). Saccuzzo, Hirt, and Spencer (1974), for example, found that the minimum interval between an informational test stimulus (TS) and a noninfor-Requests for reprints should be sent to Dennis P. Saccuzzo, Psychology Clinic,…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Psychophysical procedures that evaluate an individual's response to one or more briefly exposed visual stimuli have shown considerable relevance in applications of information processing concepts to psychopathology (Saccuzzo, 1981). Saccuzzo, Hirt, and Spencer (1974), for example, found that the minimum interval between an informational test stimulus (TS) and a noninfor-Requests for reprints should be sent to Dennis P. Saccuzzo, Psychology Clinic,…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Backward masking as a measure of slow processing in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Saccuzzo¹,

Schubert²

1981

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Three groups of hospitalized adolescents (schizophrenics, schizotypal personalities, and borderline personality adolescent adjustment reactions) with 10 subjects in each group were compared for their ability to identify masked and unmasked stimuli. Results revealed that the schizophrenic group required longer minimum exposure durations for criterion identification of unmasked stimuli than the other two groups (p < .01). Under conditions of visual backward masking, however, schizotypal personalities as well as schizophrenics showed a relative deficit. Results supported Heston's notion that schizophrenia spectrum disorders may be different degrees of expression of the same underlying defect. Previous results with visual backward masking in adults were also extended to adolescents. The findings were consistent with a slow information processing hypothesis for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Theoretical implications of this hypothesis are discussed.

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“…The tachistoscopic procedure involved two dependent measures. First, each S's critical stimulus duration (CSD) was determined (Saccuzzo, 1981). The CSD is defined as the minimum stimulus exposure duration necessary for seven consecutive correct identifications of the target stimulus without the mask.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The schizophrenia spectrum: A study of the relationship among the Rorschach, MMPI, and visual backward masking

et al. 1984

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Compared 20 Ss within the schizophrenia spectrum and 20 nonschizophrenia spectrum controls in terms of their MMPI and Rorschach performance. Ss also were studied in terms of their ability to identify a briefly exposed visual stimulus when it was followed by a noninformational mask stimulus and when it was not. Ss did not differ on the MMPI or on their ability to identify an unmasked target stimulus. They differed significantly in the number of deviant verbalizations, a special scoring category of the Rorschach. Ss also differed in their ability to identify the briefly exposed stimulus when it was followed by the noninformational mask. Results indicated a relationship among the deviant verbalization, the masking procedure, and the schizophrenia spectrum.

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"Input capability and speed of processing in mental retardation": A reply to Stanovich and Purcell.

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Information-processing Abnormalities: Trait- and State-dependent Components

Information-processing Abnormalities: Trait- and State-dependent Components

Backward masking as a measure of slow processing in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

The schizophrenia spectrum: A study of the relationship among the Rorschach, MMPI, and visual backward masking

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