Inorganic membranes based on zirconium phosphate for fuel cells

Vaivars, G.; Mokrani, Touhami; Hendricks, Nicolette R.; Linkov, Vladimir

doi:10.1007/s10008-004-0529-6

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Zirconium phosphate (ZrP) nano-sheets are inorganic and ion exchange materials that can be obtained from the exfoliation of a ZrP lamellar crystal. 50,51 In the last decades, a myriad of applications of ZrP have developed such as fuel cells, 52,53 biosensors, 54 catalysis, 55 drug delivery, 56,57 Pickering foams 58 and emulsions 59 stabilizers, and polymer matrix nanollers. [60][61][62][63] Extraordinarily, suspensions of highly anisotropic ZrP nanosheets can exhibit liquid crystalline transitions at various aspect ratios (1/x ( 0.1) and lateral-size polydispersities.…”

Section: Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-responsive discotic nematic hydrogels

Mejı́a

Nguyen

et al. 2013

Soft Matter

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We synthesized a novel thermo-responsive discotic nematic hydrogel. This liquid crystalline polymer nanocomposite was fabricated using extremely high-aspect-ratio (ξ = diameter/thickness ~ 10 3 ) zirconium phosphate (ZrP) nano-sheets embedded into a polymeric network. These nano-sheets were immersed into a solution of constituent monomers of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and acrylamide (AAm) with a subsequent polymerization in situ to obtain a hydrogel embedded with the nematic liquid crystal of the 10 nano-sheets. We analyzed the effect of initiator (APS) and catalyst (TEMED) concentration on the nematic domains at ZrP nano-sheet volume fractions (ϕ ZrP ) near the isotropic-nematic (I-N) transition. The mixing during hydrogel preparation allowed the aligning of the nano-sheets into highly ordered domains, which were eventually disturbed by the effect of APS and TEMED on the polymer matrix. The effect of ZrP nano-sheet concentration and temperature on the nematic hydrogels was also studied. By 15 increasing the temperature above the LCST of PNIPAm, the hydrogels entered into a hydrophilic-tohydrophobic transition. Interestingly, hydrogels containing ZrP nano-sheets presented increased hydrogel water retention. In addition, we observed that the variation of the nematic ordering (S 2 ) and ϕ ZrP within the system manipulated the birefringent color patterns of the hydrogels. Finally, a nematic hydrogel placed into a thin-rectangular capillary from 298 K to 333 K presented edge-wrinkling. An isotropic-to-20 nematic transition guided by the increment in the ZrP nano-sheet nematic ordering was observed at a nano-sheet concentration slightly below the isotropic concentration (ϕ I ). 65 emulsions 59 stabilizers, and polymer matrix nanofillers. [60][61][62][63] Extraordinarily, suspensions of highly anisotropic ZrP nanosheets can exhibit liquid crystalline transitions at various aspect ratios (1/ξ << 0.1) and lateral-size polydispersities. 44 Here, we make use of high-aspect-ratio ZrP nano-sheets to 70 obtain thermo-responsive polymer hydrogels of a high nematic

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Section: Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-responsive discotic nematic hydrogels

Mejı́a

Nguyen

et al. 2013

Soft Matter

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“…Nevertheless, one can find that the first generation of Nafion based DMFC with strong methanol crossover had been characterized by energy efficiency below 20% (2,6,30) while the second DMFC generation with lower crossover reach 35÷40% (8). Energy efficiency of inorganic DMFC is about 10% (5). From this point of view present results seem very attractive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Two years later a zirconium phosphate electrolyte was prepared and tested in DMFC (5). According to presented volt-ampere curves, inorganic DMFC was only slightly inferior to conventional Nafion based DMFC under the same conditions; estimated power density values were about 25 mW/cm 2 and 35 mW/cm 2 , respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room Direct Methanol Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

2011

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Direct methanol fuel cell with solid beta alumina ceramic membrane was studied at room temperature. Membrane electrode assembly consisted of two bipolar non-blocking silver coverings applied on the electrolyte plate. Highest open circuit voltage was reached at methanol/water volumetric ratio 3:2. Energy efficiency maximum had coincided with the cell power peak and reached 75% in absence of platinum metal catalysts.

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“…ZrPO 4 merging in polymers' matrix has been commonly used in fuel cells' application due to its chemical stability, large surface area, fuel crossover barrier, mechanical strength, low toxicity, and low cost [24][25][26]. Zirconium phosphate has hydrophilic phosphate groups which enhance water adsorption and increase proton conduction channels [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic-Inorganic Novel Green Cation Exchange Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

et al. 2021

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Commercializing direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) demands cost-effective cation exchange membranes. Herein, a polymeric blend is prepared from low-cost and eco-friendly polymers (i.e., iota carrageenan (IC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)). Zirconium phosphate (ZrPO4) was prepared from the impregnation–calcination method and characterized by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX map), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), then incorporated as a bonding and doping agent into the polymer blend with different concentrations. The new fabricated membranes were characterized by SEM, FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and XRD. The results revealed that the membranes’ physicochemical properties (oxidative stability, tensile strength) are enhanced with increasing doping addition, and they realized higher results than Nafion 117 because of increasing numbers of hydrogen bonds fabricated between the polymers and zirconium phosphate. Additionally, the methanol permeability was decreased in the membranes with increasing zirconium phosphate content. The optimum membrane with IC/SPVA/ZrPO4-7.5 provided higher selectivity than Nafion 117. Therefore, it can be an effective cation exchange membrane for DMFCs applications.

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Inorganic membranes based on zirconium phosphate for fuel cells

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Thermo-responsive discotic nematic hydrogels

Thermo-responsive discotic nematic hydrogels

Room Direct Methanol Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Organic-Inorganic Novel Green Cation Exchange Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

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