Inoculation with Bacillus licheniformis MH48 to improve Camellia japonicaseedling development in coastal lands

Abstract

IntroductionCamellia japonica is a broad-leaf evergreen tree that is naturally distributed in coastal areas of the southern parts of Korea (Park et al., 2017). This tree constitutes an important type of coastal vegetation in Korea because the tree is relatively tolerant to sea breeze and salinity. However, most C. japonica forests in the coastal areas of Korea have been degraded due to human activities such as road construction, urban development, and seedling collections for potted planting. The Korean government has made efforts to restore C. japonica forests in coastal areas, but restoration is very difficult (Park et al., 2017). In coastal environments, plant growth and survival are affected by the salinity of the soil and by the low availability of nutrients (Williams et al., 1998;Weber and D' Antonio, 1999). In particular, excess salt in the soil can decrease plant growth by inhibiting the osmotic uptake of water by roots or by causing nutritional imbalance through competitive ion absorption (Koyro, 2006).Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the rhizosphere bacteria that can enhance plant growth by a wide variety of mechanisms including phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, biological nitrogen fixation, rhizosphere engineering, phytohormone production, and interference with pathogen toxin production. The potentiality of PGPR in agriculture and forestry is steadily increased as it offers an attractive way to replace the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and other supplements (

Co-culture development and bioformulation efficacy of psychrotrophic PGPRs to promote growth and development of Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) plant

“…These IAA production data suggest that the isolated strains act as effective bioinoculants. These trends agree with previous reports indicating IAA formation in the stationary stage of culture (Park et al, 2017;Sahasrabudhe, 2011;Verma et al, 2016;Walpola et al, 2013). The confirmation of IAA with the TLC findings are in agreement with previous reports (Sahasrabudhe, 2011).…”

The Control of Fusarium Root Rot and Development of Coastal Pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) Seedlings in a Container Nursery by Use of Bacillus licheniformis MH48

“…The indirect promotion of plant growth occurs when PGPR lessen or prevent the deleterious effects of pathogenic organisms [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], nematodes, and insects [38][39][40] by producing antagonistic substances, such as hydrolytic enzymes, including chitinases, glucanases, proteases, and lipases. The Bacillus species is one of the most important microorganisms in PGPR and is isolated from rhizosphere soil [25,26,34,37,39,41]. The benefits of Bacillus licheniformis strains include the production of plant hormones, such as auxin and gibberellin, nitrogen fixation, and the solubilization of inorganic phosphate, which lead to increased Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial native soil bacteria that are an environmentally sound way of increasing plant yields by facilitating plant growth through either a direct or an indirect mechanism [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

“…The Bacillus species is one of the most important microorganisms in PGPR and is isolated from rhizosphere soil [25,26,34,37,39,41]. The benefits of Bacillus licheniformis strains include the production of plant hormones, such as auxin and gibberellin, nitrogen fixation, and the solubilization of inorganic phosphate, which lead to increased Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial native soil bacteria that are an environmentally sound way of increasing plant yields by facilitating plant growth through either a direct or an indirect mechanism [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. The direct promotion of plant growth by PGPR provides the plant with phytohormones [24][25][26], which facilitate the uptake of nutrients from the soils [24,25,27,28] and help establish a symbiosis with rhizobia or mycorrhiza [29].…”

“…The benefits of Bacillus licheniformis strains include the production of plant hormones, such as auxin and gibberellin, nitrogen fixation, and the solubilization of inorganic phosphate, which lead to increased Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial native soil bacteria that are an environmentally sound way of increasing plant yields by facilitating plant growth through either a direct or an indirect mechanism [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. The direct promotion of plant growth by PGPR provides the plant with phytohormones [24][25][26], which facilitate the uptake of nutrients from the soils [24,25,27,28] and help establish a symbiosis with rhizobia or mycorrhiza [29]. The indirect promotion of plant growth occurs when PGPR lessen or prevent the deleterious effects of pathogenic organisms [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], nematodes, and insects [38][39][40] by producing antagonistic substances, such as hydrolytic enzymes, including chitinases, glucanases, proteases, and lipases.…”

“…The indirect promotion of plant growth occurs when PGPR lessen or prevent the deleterious effects of pathogenic organisms [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], nematodes, and insects [38][39][40] by producing antagonistic substances, such as hydrolytic enzymes, including chitinases, glucanases, proteases, and lipases. The Bacillus species is one of the most important microorganisms in PGPR and is isolated from rhizosphere soil [25,26,34,37,39,41].…”