Inoculation Route and Serotype Alter Salmonella Recovery in the Broiler's Digestive Tract

Chadwick, Elle; Mackay, Laci; Krehling, James T.; Macklin, K. S.

doi:10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00012

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The pecking behavior of birds makes the bedding material (i.e., poultry litter) the first non-self-biological active substance that is ingested by a broiler chick after it is introduced to a grow-out farm. In addition to pecking, litter-derived substances can enter the gut of a broiler chick when broiler house dust particles are inhaled (intratracheal), deposited in the eye (intraocular), or absorbed via the peristaltic movement of the cloaca (i.e., cloaca drinking; intracloacal) (Camba et al, 2020;Chadwick et al, 2020;Cosby et al, 2017;Cox et al, 2005Cox et al, , 2020Jones-Ibarra et al, 2019). Consequently, the microbiome present in the litter used in a broiler house are the first inocula that will compete to colonize the gut of broiler chicks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Succession patterns of the bacterial community in poultry litter after bird removal and sodium bisulfate application

et al. 2021

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Sulfate-based acid amendments are used for treating litter between broiler chicken flocks and during grow-out for in-house ammonia abatement. These amendments reduce litter pH and inhibit ammonia volatilization by converting ammonia to nonvolatile ammonium. Research on the effects of acid amendments on litter microbiota is limited and usually done in microcosms, which do not replicate natural environments. In this study, we determined the changes in bacterial populations present in litter during downtime (the period after a flock was removed and before new broiler chicks were placed) and 24 h before and after the application of a sodium bisulfate (NaHSO 4 )-based amendment. We used DNA sequencing technologies to characterize the litter microbiota, elucidating microbial shifts in litter samples with respect to downtime, litter depth, and NaHSO 4 application. During downtime (∼18 d), the litter microbiota was dominated by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. Sodium bisulfate affected the microbiota in the top layer (3 cm) of reused litter topdressed with fresh pine shavings and resulted in an increase in Escherichia spp. and Faecalibacterium spp. and a decrease in members of the phylum Acidobacteria. Furthermore, culturable Escherichia coli decreased by 1.5 log units during downtime, but an increase was observed for topdressed litter after NaHSO 4 was applied. Although the effect of acidifiers on ammonia reduction, bird performance, and litter performance are well documented, their effect on litter bacteria is not well understood. Our results suggest that acidifiers may perturb litter bacteria when topdressed with fresh pine shavings and that further research is required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Succession patterns of the bacterial community in poultry litter after bird removal and sodium bisulfate application

et al. 2021

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“…Continued persistence will need to be assessed through to market age of broilers. Recently, when day-of-hatch broiler chicks were administered with S. Enteritidis and S. Heidelberg via different inoculation routes such as oral, intratracheal, cloacal, ocular, and subcutaneous, the recovery of both Salmonella serotypes from trachea, crop, liver/spleen, ceca, and cloacal swab occurred when broilers reached market weight ( Chadwick et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Collected tissues were analyzed using previously described protocols ( Cox et al, 1996 ; Chadwick et al, 2020 ). Collected ceca, trachea, and liver/spleen were first macerated within their respective sampling bag and then the average weight of each type of tissue was calculated using 5 random samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, Kallapura et al (2014) recovered Salmonella from ceca-cecal tonsil, trachea, and liver/spleen after intratracheal administration of Salmonella in broiler chicks, and thereby they confirmed the possibility of respiratory route to serve as an entry point for Salmonella in poultry birds. Moreover, when 2 different Salmonella serotypes ( S. Enteritidis and S. Heidelberg) were administered in day-of-hatch broiler chicks via one of several different inoculation routes (oral, intratracheal, subcutaneous, ocular, and cloacal), then the overall highest recovery from the samples (trachea, crop, liver/spleen, cecum, and cloacal swab) of market-age broilers was observed following intratracheal inoculation compared to the other inoculation routes for both Salmonella serotypes ( Chadwick et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of the potential of aerosolized Salmonella Enteritidis on colonization and persistence in broilers from day 3 to 21

et al. 2021

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The presence of Salmonella in air of poultry houses has been previously confirmed. Therefore, it is important to investigate the entry of Salmonella into broilers through air. The present study aimed to evaluate different levels of Salmonella Enteritidis aerosol inoculations in broiler chicks for colonization of ceca, trachea, and liver/spleen and persistence over time. In 3 independent trials, 112 one-day-old birds were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 28/group). On d 1 of age, one group was exposed to an aerosol of sterile saline and the remaining three groups were exposed to an aerosol generated from one of 3 doses (10 3 , 10 6 , or 10 9 CFU/mL) of S. Enteritidis inoculum. Aerosol exposure time was 30 min/group and was performed using a nebulizer. On d 3, 7, 14, and 21 of age, ceca, trachea, and liver/spleen were aseptically removed. Ceca were cultured for Salmonella counts (log 10 CFU/g) and all tissues were cultured for Salmonella prevalence. All tissues from the control group were Salmonella negative for all sampling days. On sampling d 3 and 7, ceca Salmonella counts were highest (5.14 and 5.11, respectively) when challenged with 10 9 Salmonella ( P ≤ 0.0281). Ceca Salmonella counts increased from d 3 (2.43) to d 7 (4.43), then remained constant when challenged at 10 3 Salmonella , and counts decreased over time for all other groups. Tissue Salmonella prevalence increased with increasing challenge levels at all sampling timepoints ( P ≤ 0.0213). Salmonella prevalence was low (0/18 to 4/18) and did not change over time following 10 3 Salmonella challenge ( P ≥ 0.2394). Prevalence decreased over time in ceca and trachea following 10 6 and 10 9 Salmonella challenge ( P ≤ 0.0483). Liver/spleen Salmonella prevalence increased from d 3 (13/18) to d 14 (18/18) and then decreased at d 21 (10/18) in birds exposed to an aerosol of 10 9 Salmonella but remained constant over time for rest of the Salmonella inoculated groups. Overall, this study demonstrated the Salmonella colonization and persistence in different tissues in broilers following exposure to aerosolized Salmonella .

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Combined Quantification and Deep Serotyping for Salmonella Risk Profiling in Broiler Flocks

Obe

Siceloff

Crowe

et al. 2023

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Nearly one in five foodborne Salmonella illnesses are derived from chicken, making it the largest single food category to cause salmonellosis and indicating a need for effective pathogen mitigation. Although industry has successfully reduced Salmonella incidence in poultry products, there has not been a concurrent reduction in human salmonellosis linked to chicken consumption.

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Inoculation Route and Serotype Alter Salmonella Recovery in the Broiler's Digestive Tract

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Succession patterns of the bacterial community in poultry litter after bird removal and sodium bisulfate application

Succession patterns of the bacterial community in poultry litter after bird removal and sodium bisulfate application

Investigation of the potential of aerosolized Salmonella Enteritidis on colonization and persistence in broilers from day 3 to 21

Combined Quantification and Deep Serotyping for Salmonella Risk Profiling in Broiler Flocks

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