Innovative strategies for photodynamic therapy against hypoxic tumor

Cascade strategy for glucose oxidase-based synergistic cancer therapy using nanomaterials

“…157,158 Given the O 2 supply strategy of CAT and CAT-like nanozymes combined with GOx, it is anticipated that PDT may combine with starvation therapy to realize a synergism promoted by O 2 self-replenishment. 157,159 For the co-delivery of enzymes and photosensitizers, it is indispensable to first consider the problem of enzyme aggregation due to hydrophobic photosensitizers. 152 One common solution is to convert photosensitizers into pharmaceutical formulations or integrate them into drug nanocarriers.…”

“…157,158 Given the O 2 supply strategy of CAT and CAT-like nanozymes combined with GOx, it is anticipated that PDT may combine with starvation therapy to realize a synergism promoted by O 2 self-replenishment. 157,159…”

An oxygen-generating metal organic framework nanoplatform as a “synergy motor” for extricating dilemma over photodynamic therapy

“…33 Similarly, CuS/Pt Janus nanoparticles can also penetrate the deep tumor. 34 (ii) Luan et al 35 reported a CAM NP nanoplatform, which integrated chlorine e6 (Ce6), axitinib (AXT), and dextro- l -methyl tryptophan (1MT). Among these, AXT could inhibit VEGF to reduce abnormal tumor blood vessels and increase blood perfusion, hence making vascular normalization.…”

Dithiocarbazate–Zn(ii) complexes for photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy against lung cancer

“…For the type I process, ROS are obtained by direct transfer of hydrogen atoms or electrons when the photosensitizer interacts with the substrate, thus avoiding the large consumption of oxygen. 49 Thus, type I photoreactivity may lead to strong cytotoxic effects under low-oxygen conditions, which is beneficial for overcoming tumor hypoxia. [49][50][51] However, hypoxicactive type I photosensitizers remain an underexplored research area and are still rarely reported.…”

“…49 Thus, type I photoreactivity may lead to strong cytotoxic effects under low-oxygen conditions, which is beneficial for overcoming tumor hypoxia. [49][50][51] However, hypoxicactive type I photosensitizers remain an underexplored research area and are still rarely reported. 52 Interestingly, complex Zn3 can cause cellular damage by exploiting type I processes.…”