Innovative recycling of organic binders from electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

Fu, Yuanpeng; Schuster, Jonas; Petraniková, Martina; Ebin, Burçak

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105666

Cited by 52 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…[ 112 ] Use of supercritical CO 2 lead to the separation of cathode material from the current collector when almost 99 wt% of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) dissolved in a supercritical CO 2 ‐dimethyl sulfoxide system at 70 °C and 80 bar pressure after 13 min. [ 113 ] Despite promising results more investigation is required before the application of these new methods in industrial processing.…”

Section: State Of the Art Recycling Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of NMP as a solvent to separate the active materials is associated with high costs and represents a safety risk because it is hazardous, teratogenic, and irritating. [ 295 ] Recently, alternative methods for dissolving the PVDF binder, such as supercritical extraction with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as co‐solvent [ 113 ] or the use of green solvents, such as dimethyl isosorbide (DMI) [ 296 ] have been published. Another chemical method for the liberation of the cathode active material is based on the selective etching of the aluminum current collector using alkaline solutions.…”

Section: Recycling Of Future Batteries—current Approaches and Challen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[101] Some novel methods such as high-voltage treatment or the use of supercritical CO 2 for more effective separation have been reported. [112,113] By using high-voltage treatment 94 % of cathode particles were separated from the Al foil by sieving and 99 % of the particles maintained the chemical structure of original NMC. [112] Use of supercritical CO 2 lead to the separation of cathode material from the current collector when almost 99 wt% of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) dissolved in a supercritical CO 2 -dimethyl sulfoxide system at 70 °C and 80 bar pressure after 13 min.…”

Section: Mechanical Pre-treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries—Current State of the Art, Circular Economy, and Next Generation Recycling

Neumann

Petraniková

Meeus

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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386

186

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Being successfully introduced into the market only 30 years ago, lithium‐ion batteries have become state‐of‐the‐art power sources for portable electronic devices and the most promising candidate for energy storage in stationary or electric vehicle applications. This widespread use in a multitude of industrial and private applications leads to the need for recycling and reutilization of their constituent components. Improving the “recycling technology” of lithium ion batteries is a continuous effort and recycling is far from maturity today. The complexity of lithium ion batteries with varying active and inactive material chemistries interferes with the desire to establish one robust recycling procedure for all kinds of lithium ion batteries. Therefore, the current state of the art needs to be analyzed, improved, and adapted for the coming cell chemistries and components. This paper provides an overview of regulations and new battery directive demands. It covers current practices in material collection, sorting, transportation, handling, and recycling. Future generations of batteries will further increase the diversity of cell chemistry and components. Therefore, this paper presents predictions related to the challenges of future battery recycling with regard to battery materials and chemical composition, and discusses future approaches to battery recycling.

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Section: State Of the Art Recycling Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recycling Of Future Batteries—current Approaches and Challen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Pre-treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries—Current State of the Art, Circular Economy, and Next Generation Recycling

Neumann

Petraniková

Meeus

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

Self Cite

386

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…LIBs are commonly used as a power supply in portable electronic devices, such as smartphones, laptops and tablets [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Most recently, LIBs have grown in popularity in electrical vehicles [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], military devices [ 7 , 8 ] and aerospace industry [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. In one report, the demand for LIBs in the electrical vehicle industry exponentially increased from 0.5 GWh to 526 GWh in the last decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid@Metal-Organic Framework as a Solid Electrolyte in a Lithium-Ion Battery: Current Performance and Perspective at Molecular Level

et al. 2022

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Searching for a suitable electrolyte in a lithium-ion battery is a challenging task. The electrolyte must not only be chemically and mechanically stable, but also be able to transport lithium ions efficiently. Ionic liquid incorporated into a metal–organic framework (IL@MOF) has currently emerged as an interesting class of hybrid material that could offer excellent electrochemical properties. However, the understanding of the mechanism and factors that govern its fast ionic conduction is crucial as well. In this review, the characteristics and potential use of IL@MOF as an electrolyte in a lithium-ion battery are highlighted. The importance of computational methods is emphasized as a comprehensive tool to investigate the atomistic behavior of IL@MOF and its interaction in electrochemical environments.

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“…Fu et al (2021) reported that the organic binder recovery using CO 2 supercritical fluid combined with a cosolvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) avoided pyrolysis or calcination to release the cathode and Al foils. According to the authors, the recovery efficiency was 98.5% at 70 • C and 80 bar after 13 min of reaction [143]. Thus, the use of superfluid critical has a high potential for Li-ion recycling due to its fast reaction, but several studies are required before scaling up to a pilot scale.…”

Section: Supercritical Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cobalt Recovery from Li-Ion Battery Recycling: A Critical Review

Botelho

Stopić

Friedrich

et al. 2021

Metals

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The increasing demand for Li-ion batteries for electric vehicles sheds light upon the Co supply chain. The metal is crucial to the cathode of these batteries, and the leading global producer is the D.R. Congo (70%). For this reason, it is considered critical/strategic due to the risk of interruption of supply in the short and medium term. Due to the increasing consumption for the transportation market, the batteries might be considered a secondary source of Co. The outstanding amount of spent batteries makes them to a core of urban mining warranting special attention. Greener technologies for Co recovery are necessary to achieve sustainable development. As a result of these sourcing challenges, this study is devoted to reviewing the techniques for Co recovery, such as acid leaching (inorganic and organic), separation (solvent extraction, ion exchange resins, and precipitation), and emerging technologies—ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvent, supercritical fluids, nanotechnology, and biohydrometallurgy. A dearth of research in emerging technologies for Co recovery from Li-ion batteries is discussed throughout the manuscript within a broader overview. The study is strictly connected to the Sustainability Development Goals (SDG) number 7, 8, 9, and 12.

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Innovative recycling of organic binders from electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

Cited by 52 publications

References 45 publications

Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries—Current State of the Art, Circular Economy, and Next Generation Recycling

Recycling of Lithium‐Ion Batteries—Current State of the Art, Circular Economy, and Next Generation Recycling

Ionic Liquid@Metal-Organic Framework as a Solid Electrolyte in a Lithium-Ion Battery: Current Performance and Perspective at Molecular Level

Cobalt Recovery from Li-Ion Battery Recycling: A Critical Review

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