Innovative production treatment hydroponic farm for primary municipal sewage utilisation

Rababah, Abdellah; Ashbolt, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(99)00231-6

Cited by 50 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Enterohaemorragic E. coli, did however, adsorb better to roots of salad crops than did nonpathogenic E. coli (Wachtel et al 2002). Because of adsorption of micro-organisms to the roots (Nokes et al 2003), possible uptake of micro-organisms and uptake of heavy metals, it is recommended to grow ornamental or nonedible crops for wastewater treatment (Rababah and Ashbolt 2000). Risks must also be considered in the open tanks in the early part of the system if it is possible for human contact with the partly-treated wastewater.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of micro-organisms in a small-scale hydroponics wastewater treatment system

Ottoson

Norström

Dalhammar

2005

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Aims: To measure the microbial removal capacity of a small-scale hydroponics wastewater treatment plant. Methods and Results: Paired samples were taken from untreated, partly-treated and treated wastewater and analysed for faecal microbial indicators, i.e. coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens spores and somatic coliphages, by culture based methods. Escherichia coli was never detected in effluent water after >5AE8-log removal. Enterococci, coliforms, spores and coliphages were removed by 4AE5, 4AE1, 2AE3 and 2AE5 log respectively. Most of the removal (60-87%) took place in the latter part of the system because of settling, normal inactivation (retention time 12AE7 d) and sand filtration. Time-dependent log-linear removal was shown for sporesConclusions: Hydroponics wastewater treatment removed micro-organisms satisfactorily.Significance and Impact of the Study: Investigations on the microbial removal capacity of hydroponics have only been performed for bacterial indicators. In this study it has been shown that virus and (oo)cyst process indicators were removed and that hydroponics can be an alternative to conventional wastewater treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of micro-organisms in a small-scale hydroponics wastewater treatment system

Ottoson

Norström

Dalhammar

2005

Lett Appl Microbiol

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“…Viruses may account for the majority of waterborne infections in developed countries (Kramer et al, 1996) and are often inferred as the etiological agents in epidemiological studies (Payment et al, 1997), including studies involving wastewater-irrigated crops (Schwartzbrod, 1995). In addition, viruses have been measured in or on wastewater-irrigated crops (Oron et al, 1995;Rababah and Ashbolt, 2000;and Schwartzbrod, 1995). Nevertheless, the number of reported outbreaks of viral illness resulting from wastewater contamination of food crops is relatively small (Richards, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Of: Microbial Risks from Wastewater Irrigation of Salad Crops: a Screening‐Level Risk Assessment

Petterson

Ashbolt²,

Sharma³

2002

Water Environment Research

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The potential health risk from viruses, associated with the consumption of lettuce crops spray irrigated with secondary-treated municipal effluent, has been evaluated in the first level investigation of a tiered microbial risk assessment. The study assessed the impact of two factors on the estimated risk of infection: a suitable probability density function for the occurrence of human enteroviruses in irrigation water and appropriate die-off rates for viruses on lettuce crops. A Monte Carlo simulation using a log-normal and a nonparametric, kernel estimated probability density function indicated that slight changes in the upper tail of the probability density function had a relatively low effect on the estimated infection rates. Predicted infection rates were much more sensitive to the decay rate of viruses than occasional high virus numbers. The median and 99th percentile risks of infection from the overall model were 0.10 and 0.51/10 000 lettuce consumers, respectively, indicating possible human health concern, and the justification of a more detailed microbial risk assessment. Water Environ. Res., 72, 667 (2001).

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“…C ollection and treatment of wastewater in low population density areas is problematic. Decentralized sewage treatment is usually inevitable for economic reasons, but the currently available technologies for the wastewater treatment from single houses, dwellings, and small communities remain in many aspects unsatisfactory (Rababah and Ashbolt, 2000). The increase in wastewater production in rural areas leads to environment pollution.…”

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confidence: 99%

Use of Commercial Plant Species in a Hydroponic System to Treat Domestic Wastewaters

et al. 2004

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The objectives in this work were to investigate a conceptual layout for an inexpensive and simple system that would treat primary municipal wastewater to discharge standards. A commercial hydroponic system was adapted for this study and the wastewater was used to irrigate wooly digitalis (Digitalis lanata Ehrh.) and foxglove (Digitalis purpurea L.). These plants are medicinal and produce cardenolide compounds. Influent and effluent samples were collected once a month for six months and analyzed to determine the various parameters relating to water quality. The legal discharge levels for total suspended solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were reached for the two tested plants after 48 h of wastewater treatment; the removal was 82, 93, and 79%, respectively, for wooly digitalis and 92, 92, and 84%, respectively, for foxglove. Similar results were obtained during a 6-mo period although the sewage composition varied widely. The system tended to be unable to remove N and P to concentrations below regulated levels. Compared with the nutrient solution composition, the wastewater was more concentrated in Na+ and Cl- and less in N, K+, and Ca2+. These variations can lead to the decline of wooly digitalis plants. Foxglove developed a significant root system to increase mineral absorption wastewater being used as the unique nutritive source. After 10 wk all the wooly digitalis seedlings were dead. Despite this fact, however, the root system remained in place for a significant time (< 4 mo), thus continuing to filter wastewater and to be used as a bacterial support thus making it possible to have a security period to replace the dead plants.

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Innovative production treatment hydroponic farm for primary municipal sewage utilisation

Cited by 50 publications

References 11 publications

Removal of micro-organisms in a small-scale hydroponics wastewater treatment system

Removal of micro-organisms in a small-scale hydroponics wastewater treatment system

Of: Microbial Risks from Wastewater Irrigation of Salad Crops: a Screening‐Level Risk Assessment

Use of Commercial Plant Species in a Hydroponic System to Treat Domestic Wastewaters

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