Innovative polymeric system (IPS) for solvent-free lipophilic drug transdermal delivery via dissolving microneedles

Comparative Study of Two Droplet‐Based Dissolving Microneedle Fabrication Methods for Skin Vaccination

“…ScaA‐DMNs were fabricated in a 5 × 5 array via DAB and CL, respectively, and applied to pig cadaver skin using a microlancer implantation system. [4b] After DMN application and staining, perforations resembling the initial array shape were observed for both methods (Figure E,F), demonstrating successful skin penetration of ScaA‐DMNs, regardless of the DMN fabrication method. Taken together, these results imply that there are no significant differences in the physical properties of the DMNs, such as morphology, fracture force, and skin penetration, between the two droplet‐based fabrication methods, DAB and CL.…”

“…ScaA‐DMNs were applied to the pig cadaver skin using a microlancer implantation system. [4b] After application, the surface of the pig cadaver skin was stained with trypan blue solution for 30 min, washed, and perforations were observed using a stereomicroscope and a digital microscope camera.…”

“…DMNs were delivered using a microlancer implantation system. [4b] Blood samples were collected by retro‐orbital puncture at 1 week after the immunization and used to determine the serum antibody titer.…”

“…MNs physically penetrate the skin barrier in a minimally invasive manner and directly deliver encapsulated drugs through the epidermis with such advantages over hypodermic injection and topical application as high efficacy, no pain, and convenient drug delivery . Thus, MNs have been considered as an alternative drug delivery method and have been used in various clinical applications such as anti‐inflammation, insulin delivery, and, especially, skin vaccination …”

Zirconyl Hydrogenphosphate Nanocontainers for Flexible Transport and Release of Lipophilic Cytostatics, Insecticides, and Antibiotics

“…Often insufficient solubility and limited membrane permeability limit the applicability of lipophilic drugs 3d,4,5. To enable intravenous, oral, or gastrointestinal administration, appropriate carrier systems were suggested,3c,6 especially including metal oxide nanoparticles (e.g., SiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , MgCO 3 , Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ), polymer nanoparticles (e.g., polyethylene glycol/PEG), biopolymers (e.g., lipids, proteins),3a,9 graphene, as well as micelles,6b,11 nanoemulsions, and liposomes . Many nanocontainer systems yet suffer from weaknesses such as uncontrolled drug leakage and aggregation of lipophilic drugs, limited cell uptake, high material complexity, unexpected toxicity and hypersensitivity, damage of cell membranes, inadequate drug loading, and poor stability in blood 3c,5a,7b,d,8c,14.…”