Innovative mechanisms of action for pharmaceutical cognitive enhancement: A systematic review

Fond, Guillaume; Micoulaud-Franchi, Jean-Arthur; Brunel, L.; Macgregor, Alexandra; Miot, Stéphanie; Lopez, Régis; Richieri, Raphaëlle; Abbar, Mocrane; Lançon, Christophe; Repantis, Dimitris

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.006

Cited by 43 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…In addition to improvement in endurance performance measures, nicotine was also reported to significantly improve lower body muscle force production in another study (Mundel et al ., ). While the potential mechanisms contributing to this improvement were not discussed by the authors, the small doses of nicotine may have increased the stimulation of the catecholaminergic system (Fond et al ., ). Indeed, it has been reported that catecholamines (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine effects on exercise performance and physiological responses in nicotine‐naïve individuals: a systematic review

Johnston

Doma

Crowe

2017

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of smokeless forms of nicotine on physiological responses and exercise performance. Methodology and reporting were based on the PRISMA statement. The intervention was defined as any product containing nicotine that did not require smoking. Searches were conducted across two electronic databases with supplementary approaches utilized. Studies were selected following set inclusion and exclusion criteria and checked by two independent authors. A modified PEDro scale was utilized to rate study quality with studies averaging 9·3/13. Six studies assessed exercise performance with endurance-based parameters reported as significantly improved with nicotine in one study, while anaerobic parameters were unaffected or decreased compared to placebo except in one study which reported enhanced leg extensor torque but no effect on countermovement jump or Wingate anaerobic capacity. Sixteen of 28 studies investigating physiological responses reported that nicotine significantly increased heart rate compared to placebo or control. Blood pressure and blood flow were also reported as significantly increased in multiple studies. While there is strong evidence of nicotine-induced changes in physiological function that would benefit physical performance, beneficial effects have only been reported on leg extensor torque and endurance performance by one study each. Subsequently, there is need for more research with strong methodological quality to definitively evaluate nicotine's potential as an ergogenic aid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine effects on exercise performance and physiological responses in nicotine‐naïve individuals: a systematic review

Johnston

Doma

Crowe

2017

Clin Physio Funct Imaging

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“…In general, pharmacological cognitive enhancers used by healthy people can be grouped into several categories: stimulant types (e.g., amphetamines, aimed at improving vigilance, attention, focus, and speed of processing), modafinil (which has some similarities to amphetamines but also different effects), 46 drugs used to treat dementia (acting on acetylcholine and/or glutamate, aimed at improving memory), 47 and, because of the link between motivation/mood and cognitive performance, people are also using drugs that improve sleep, reduce anxiety (e.g., benzodiazepines), and improve mood (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)). 25 In 2014 and 2015 (until October 2015), there were several new studies on cognitive enhancers and, particularly, a couple of important reviews and meta-analyses aimed at finding evidence in the vast number of small-scale studies (summary in Table 1).…”

Section: Studies On Pharmacological Cognitive Enhancers In Healthy Vomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…71,72 One recent review summarized over 50 studies on other drugs that could potentially enhance cognition, such as drugs exerting actions through other catecholaminergic mechanisms and actions on glutamate, acetylcholine, and histamine. 47 Of these, most were negative (no enhancing effects) or conflicting studies, except for some showing positive effects by tolcapone (inhibits dopamine degradation in the brain) and levodopa on memory. Further pharmacological interventions acting on melatonin or anti-inflammatory drugs showed positive cognitive effects, but only in single studies.…”

Section: Studies On Pharmacological Cognitive Enhancers In Healthy Vomentioning

confidence: 99%

Drugs, games, and devices for enhancing cognition: implications for work and society

Brühl

Sahakian

2016

Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.

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As work environments change, the demands on working people change. Cognitive abilities in particular are becoming progressively more important for work performance and successful competition in a global environment. However, work-related stress, performance over long hours, lack of sleep, shift work, and jet lag affect cognitive functions. Therefore, an increasing number of healthy people are reported to use cognitive-enhancing drugs, as well as other interventions, such as noninvasive brain stimulation, to maintain or improve work performance. This review summarizes research on pharmacological and technical methods as well as cognitive training, including game apps for the brain, in healthy people. In neuropsychiatric disorders, impairments in cognitive functions can drastically reduce the chances of returning to work; therefore, this review also summarizes findings from pharmacological and cognitive-training studies in neuropsychiatric disorders.

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“…So far, however, there are no direct comparisons of nicotine and methylphenidate that explore shared and distinct characteristics of their enhancing effects in healthy subjects. The recent ethical debate on pharmaceutical cognitive enhancement (Fond et al, 2015;Maier et al, 2015;Whetstine, 2015) and the high variability in treatment effectiveness of dopamine targeting compounds in patients (Cools, 2006;Jasinska et al, 2014;Kelton et al, 2000;Kieling et al, 2010;Martinez et al, 2011) demand a clearer picture of the substances' effects on neuronal processes and cognition. To better understand the common and distinct mechanisms of action, the current study assessed the effects of single doses of nicotine and methylphenidate on smooth pursuit eye movements, a perceptual-motor task previously shown to be influenced by these two compounds.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural effects of methylphenidate and nicotine during smooth pursuit eye movements

et al. 2016

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Citation for published version (APA):Kasparbauer, A-M., Meyhöfer, I., Steffens, M., Weber, B., Aydin, M., Kumari, V., ... Ettinger, U. (2016). Neural effects of methylphenidate and nicotine during smooth pursuit eye movements. NeuroImage. DOI: 10.1016DOI: 10. /j.neuroimage.2016 Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on King's Research Portal is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Post-Print version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version for pagination, volume/issue, and date of publication details. And where the final published version is provided on the Research Portal, if citing you are again advised to check the publisher's website for any subsequent corrections. General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognize and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.•Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the Research Portal for the purpose of private study or research.•You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain •You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the Research Portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact librarypure@kcl.ac.uk providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AbstractIntroduction: Nicotine and methylphenidate are putative cognitive enhancers in healthy and patient populations. Although they stimulate different neurotransmitter systems, they have been shown to enhance performance on overlapping measures of attention. So far, there has been no direct comparison of the effects of these two stimulants on behavioural performance or brain function in healthy humans. Here, we directly compare the two compounds using a wellestablished oculomotor biomarker in order to explore common and distinct behavioural and neural effects. Methods: Eighty-two healthy male non-smokers performed a smooth pursuit eye movement task while lying in an fMRI scanner. In a between-subjects, double-blind design, subjects either received placebo (placebo patch and capsule), nicotine (7mg nicotine patch and placebo capsule), or methylphenidate (placebo patch and 40mg methylphenidate capsule).Results: There wer...

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Innovative mechanisms of action for pharmaceutical cognitive enhancement: A systematic review

Cited by 43 publications

References 101 publications

Nicotine effects on exercise performance and physiological responses in nicotine‐naïve individuals: a systematic review

Nicotine effects on exercise performance and physiological responses in nicotine‐naïve individuals: a systematic review

Drugs, games, and devices for enhancing cognition: implications for work and society

Neural effects of methylphenidate and nicotine during smooth pursuit eye movements

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