The problems of Russian single-industry towns are the main threats to the national social and political instability. Currently, the problems of development of single-industry towns remain one of the most discussed issues. Due to their location and specialization, single-industry towns re an integral part of the national and regional economies. In many single-industry towns, the situation is tense due to high unemployment rates, bankruptcy of many town-forming enterprises, and poor economic diversification. Currently, in Russia there are 320 monotowns, where 10% of the country’s population live. These are large industrial centers and small settlements. Most of them are located in industrial regions. All-round support for single-industry towns is provided by a special fund, which is part of the VEB Group. For example, for investment projects, loans are provided at 0 % interest rate. The cost of projects was reduced 20 times. Therefore, small and medium-sized enterprises can become main recipients of funds. Under the new program, investors will be able to return tax payments from new enterprises.