“…As R&D subsidies increase incentives to conduct R&D activities, it is more probable to obtain results, if their partner provides complementary assets and knowledge and share risks. Furthermore, R&D policies work better when there are other public policies in place, which enhance the qualification of personnel, or promote cooperation with other firms (Cabrer‐Borrás and Serrano‐Domingo, ). Therefore, we propose: H4: R&D grant beneficiary firms obtain more utility models if they technologically cooperate with other partners.…”
Section: Theoretical Framework and Hypothesismentioning
We evaluate the impact of public grants on the technological output of Spanish manufacturing companies using the utility models as a measure and compare them with patents. We postulate that capabilities of the firm play a decisive moderating role in the relationship between grants and utility models. Results suggest that a firm's capability to constantly maintain an updated knowledge base has a positive influence on the abovementioned relationship. Also, firm's capabilities of planning innovation, and cooperating with partners, and its absorptive capacity are crucial in the creation of both utility models and patents.
“…As R&D subsidies increase incentives to conduct R&D activities, it is more probable to obtain results, if their partner provides complementary assets and knowledge and share risks. Furthermore, R&D policies work better when there are other public policies in place, which enhance the qualification of personnel, or promote cooperation with other firms (Cabrer‐Borrás and Serrano‐Domingo, ). Therefore, we propose: H4: R&D grant beneficiary firms obtain more utility models if they technologically cooperate with other partners.…”
Section: Theoretical Framework and Hypothesismentioning
We evaluate the impact of public grants on the technological output of Spanish manufacturing companies using the utility models as a measure and compare them with patents. We postulate that capabilities of the firm play a decisive moderating role in the relationship between grants and utility models. Results suggest that a firm's capability to constantly maintain an updated knowledge base has a positive influence on the abovementioned relationship. Also, firm's capabilities of planning innovation, and cooperating with partners, and its absorptive capacity are crucial in the creation of both utility models and patents.
“…It is worth noting that spatial dependency is similar to having a lagged-dependent variable as an explanatory variable. The spatial-lag model represents a suitable approach to the study of spatial autocorrelation in antimicrobial consumption since it assumes that antibiotic use is characterised by consumption externalities as suggested by the literature (Fingleton, 2003;Cabrer-Borrás and Serrano-Domingo, 2007). Indeed, antibiotics have a preventive e¤ect since their use may provide external bene…ts to other individuals, and consequently, reduce the need for consumption in neighbouring areas.…”
Literature on socioeconomic determinants of antibiotic consumption in the community is limited to few countries using cross-sectional data. This paper analyses regional variations in outpatient antibiotics in Italy using a balanced panel dataset covering the period 2000-2008. We specify an econometric model where antibiotic consumption depends upon demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the population, the supply of health care services in the community, and antibiotic copayments. The model is estimated by means of Ordinary least squares techniques with …xed e¤ects (FE). The implications of consumption externalities across geographical areas are investigated by means of spatial-lag and spatial-error models (SLFE and SEFE). We …nd signi…cant and positive income elasticity and negative e¤ects of copayments. Antibiotic use is also a¤ected by the age structure of the population and the supply of community health care. Finally, we …nd evidence of spatial dependency in the use of antibiotics across regions. This suggests that regional policies (e.g. public campaigns) aimed at increasing e¢ ciency in antibiotic consumption and controlling bacterial resistance may be in ‡uenced by policy makers in neighbouring regions. There will be scope for a strategic and coordinated view of regional policies towards the use of antibiotics.
“…Tal variável possui uma variação de zero a um, sendo interpretado de maneira que quanto mais próximo da unidade, maior o grau de especialização em atividades ligadas a um determinado setor industrial. Ao contrário, quanto mais próximo de zero, sua composição industrial será uniforme em todas as microrregiões (Cabrer-Borrás e Serrano-Domingo, 2007). O coeficiente positivo indica que há uma especialização regional de uma determinada indústria, o que facilita os transbordamentos de conhecimento entre as firmas do mesmo setor industrial e a atividade local inovativa, corroborando a hipótese de externalidades MAR (Cabrer-Borrás e Serrano-Domingo, 2007 A variável tem por objetivo identificar o impacto do grau de diversificação industrial sobre a atividade tecnológica regional.…”
Section: Base De Dadosunclassified
“…A análise dos determinantes da inovação parte, em geral, da estrutura teórica conhecida como função de produção do conhecimento, desenvolvida inicialmente por Griliches (1979). Entre as várias modificações que permitem a inclusão de variáveis de controle nessa função, situa-se a de Cabrer-Borrás e Serrano-Domingo (2007).…”
Submetido: 11 de abril de 2010; aceito para publicação: 16 de julho de 2011 Resumo: O trabalho avalia em que medida o grau de especialização ou diversidade pode afetar o desempenho inovador regional. Além disso, outros fatores determinantes da inovação são considerados, como a capacidade de realização de P&D, o nível de escolaridade e a defasagem temporal da inovação. A base de dados é organizada em função das 63 microrregiões do Estado de São Paulo no período entre 1996 e 2003, e submetida a modelos de dados em painel espacial dinâmico. Os principais resultados revelam que a diversidade e a especialização produtiva são igualmente importantes para explicar o desempenho inovador das microrregiões.Palavras-Chave: sistema regional de inovação, externalidades de diversificação e especialização, modelo dinâmico de dados em painel.
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