Innervation Und Pharmakologisches Verhalten Des M. Gastrocnemius Und M. Pectoralis Maior Der Vögel

Kruger, P.; Günther, Paul

doi:10.1159/000141367

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…3C). In the chicken the gastrocnemius contains a significant proportion of tonic, multiply innervated fibres, al- though the majority are fast-twitch (Kriiger and Giinther, 1958;Shafiq et al, 1974). The AChE profile in the normal muscle clearly represents the sum of contributions from both fibre types.…”

Section: Enzyme Forms: Twitch Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Molecular Forms of the Cholinesterases in Tissues of Normal and Dystrophic Chickens

Lyles

Silman

Giamberardino

et al. 1982

Journal of Neurochemistry

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The levels and molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) and pseudocholinesterase (psiChE, EC 3.1.1.8) were examined in various skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, and neural tissues from normal and dystrophic chickens. The relative amount of the heavy (Hc) form of AChE in mixed-fibre-type twitch muscles varies in proportion to the percentage of glycolytic fast-twitch fibres. Conversely, muscles with higher levels of oxidative fibres (i.e., slow-tonic oxidative-glycolytic fast-twitch, or oxidative slow-twitch) have higher proportions of the light (L) form of AChE. The effects of dystrophy on AChE and psiChE are more severe in muscles richer in glycolytic fast-twitch fibres (e.g., pectoral or posterior latissimus dorsi, PLD); there is no alteration of AChE or psiChE in a slow-tonic muscle. In the pectoral of PLD muscles from older dystrophic chickens, however, the AChE forms revert to a normal distribution while the pesChE pattern remains abnormal. Muscle psiChE is sensitive to collagenase in a similar way as is AChE, thus apparently having a similar tailed structure. Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle has very high levels of psiChE, present mainly as the L form; AChE is present mainly as the medium (M) form, with smaller amounts of L and Hc. The latter pattern of AChE forms resembles that seen in several neural tissues examined. No alterations in AChE or psiChE were found in cardiac or neural tissues from dystrophic chickens.

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Section: Enzyme Forms: Twitch Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Molecular Forms of the Cholinesterases in Tissues of Normal and Dystrophic Chickens

Lyles

Silman

Giamberardino

et al. 1982

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…The classic comparison of differences in muscle innervation is between the posterior and anterior latissimus dorsi muscles (PLD and ALD) in the chicken (2,3). The PLD is a fast-twitch muscle of the wing; the ALD is an adjacent postural muscle composed of slow tonic fibers, incapable of fast contractions but able to sustain contractions for much longer than PLD fibers (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) is elevated in adult avian slow muscle fibers with multiple terminals.

Bleisch

Scharff²,

Nottebohm³

1989

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Many adult avian muscles contain two types of muscle fiber: those that receive innervation at single focal terminals and those with multiple terminals. The muscles of the syrinx, the vocal organ of birds, are such mixed muscles. To study this heterogeneity of fiber type and innervation, we combined immunocytochemistry to classify muscle fibers with techniques to visualize neuromuscular junctions. One monoclonal antibody, S58, directed against a slow class of myosin, labels only fibers that have multiple terminals. We also examined the distribution of immunoreactivity for neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), which has been suggested to play a role in innervation of muscle and formation of neuromuscular junctions. S58-positive fibers have elevated N-CAM staining, indicating that multiple innervation of a fiber is correlated with the fiber's expression of high levels of N-CAM immunoreactivity. Most, and perhaps all, fibers that have multiple terminals also contain abundant N-CAM immunoreactivity. This suggests that N-CAM may play a role in the maintenance of multiterminal innervation in adult innervated muscle.While fast-twitch muscle fibers are innervated by a single axon at a single focal terminal, many muscle fibers have a distinct pattern of innervation with multiple small terminals (1). The classic comparison of differences in muscle innervation is between the posterior and anterior latissimus dorsi muscles (PLD and ALD) in the chicken (2, 3). The PLD is a fast-twitch muscle of the wing; the ALD is an adjacent postural muscle composed of slow tonic fibers, incapable of fast contractions but able to sustain contractions for much longer than PLD fibers (3). PLD fibers have predominantly "fast" isoforms of myosin and other protein, while ALD fibers contain "slow" isoforms (see ref. 4 for review; refs. 5 and 6). In addition to differences in physiology and biochemistry, these two muscles differ in their pattern of innervation (7). Muscle fibers in the adult PLD are innervated by single motoneurons at single focal end plates, one on each fiber. ALD fibers are innervated by multiple motoneurons and have multiple small terminals scattered along their lengths. The ALD and PLD are composed almost exclusively of multiterminal and single-terminal fibers, respectively. However, there are muscles, such as the biventer cervis, the "complexus" and the sartorius muscles of the chicken (3,4,8), and the extraocular and intrinsic ear muscles of mammals (reviewed in ref. 9) that include both multi-and single-terminal fibers.The present report focuses on the intrinsic muscles of the syrinx and combines techniques of immunocytochemistry to classify muscle fibers with techniques to visualize neuromuscular junctions. MATERIALS AND METHODSMaterials. All muscles were from male and female zebra finches in good health and full adult plumage.Supernatants containing mouse monoclonal antibodies MF30, ALD66, ALD19, ALD58, MF1, and MF20 were generously provided by D. Fischman and D. M. Bader (Cornell University School of Medicine). ...

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“…Morphological studies have also shown the presence of two distinct types of striated muscle fibres (Kruger, 1949;Gunther, 1949;Kruger & Gunther, 1958;Hess, 1960). One type of fibre has large irregular, poorly-defined fibrils (Felderstruktur) and multiple motor endings of the " en grappe " type; the other type of fibre has a fibrillar pattern with small well-delineated punctate fibrils (Fibrillenstruktur) and receives a single ending of the " en plaque " type, typical of normal motor endplates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Action of Succinylcholine on the Tension of Extraocular Muscle

Eakins¹,

Katz²

1966

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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Innervation Und Pharmakologisches Verhalten Des M. Gastrocnemius Und M. Pectoralis Maior Der Vögel

Cited by 26 publications

References 4 publications

Comparison of the Molecular Forms of the Cholinesterases in Tissues of Normal and Dystrophic Chickens

Comparison of the Molecular Forms of the Cholinesterases in Tissues of Normal and Dystrophic Chickens

Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) is elevated in adult avian slow muscle fibers with multiple terminals.

The Action of Succinylcholine on the Tension of Extraocular Muscle

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