Inner ear morphology of the cioclovina early modern European calvaria from Romania

Uhl, Alexandra; Reyes-Centeno, Hugo; Grigorescu, Dan; Kranioti, Elena F.; Harvati, Katerina

doi:10.1002/ajpa.22938

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Returning to the results presented in this article, we conclude that the Cioclovina nuchal morphology falls within the range of anatomically modern human supranuchal variation, in accordance with earlier studies on its inner ear morphology (Uhl, Reyes‐Centeno, Grigorescu, Kranioti, & Harvati, ), as well as its overall ectocranial (Harvati et al, ) and endocranial shape (Kranioti et al, ). Taken together, the cranial phenotype of this specimen is consistent with relatively low levels of Neanderthal ancestry, as also indicated by genomic evidence (Fu et al, ; Posth et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A virtual assessment of the proposed suprainiac fossa on the early modern European calvaria from Cioclovina, Romania

Bosman

Harvati

2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: The calvaria from Cioclovina (Romania) has been argued to possess some traits commonly ascribed to individuals belonging to the Neanderthal lineage, including a suprainiac fossa. However, its supranuchal morphology has only been evaluated with a qualitative analysis of the ectocranial surface. We evaluate whether the morphology of the supranuchal area of this specimen is homologous to the Neanderthal condition. Materials and Methods:We described in detail the external morphology, and, using computed tomography, investigated the internal morphology of the Cioclovina supranuchal area. We took measurements of the internal structures and calculated their relative contributions to total cranial vault thickness, which were compared to published data and evaluated with a principal component analysis (PCA). Results: The Cioclovina supranuchal region is characterized by superficial resorption present on the outer layer of the external table. Neither the diploic layer nor the external table decrease in relative thickness in the area above inion. In the PCA, Cioclovina falls within the convex hulls of recent modern Homo sapiens. Discussion: Our results show that the morphology of the Cioclovina supranuchal region does not correspond to the external and internal morphology of the typical Neanderthal suprainiac fossa. It cannot be characterized as a depression but rather as an area presenting superficial bone turnover. Together with earlier results, there is little phenotypic evidence that Cioclovina has high levels of Neanderthal ancestry. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of this quantitative method in assessing proposed Neanderthal-like suprainiac depressions in Upper Paleolithic and other fossil specimens. K E Y W O R D S autapomorphy, Cioclovina, computed tomography, suprainiac fossa, Upper Paleolithic

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A virtual assessment of the proposed suprainiac fossa on the early modern European calvaria from Cioclovina, Romania

Bosman

Harvati

2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Aroeira 3 lacks some Neanderthal traits so its position, outside the 'classical Neanderthal' variability, is thus expected (Conde-Valverde et al, 2018). On the other hand, the position of Le Moustier 1, already highlighted in previous publications (Hublin et al 1996;Uhl et al, 2016) Unlike in the first PCA, three Southwestern Asian individuals (Dederiyeh 1, Amud 1 and 7) stand out from the Qafzeh-Skhūl-Kebara group. These fossils are close to 'so-called classic' Neanderthals, especially those of La Ferrassie and La Quina.…”

Section: Anatomically Modern Humans Separate From Neanderthals and European Middlementioning

confidence: 70%

The bony labyrinth of Qafzeh 25 Homo sapiens from Israel

Nogueira

Coqueugniot

Santos

et al. 2021

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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The bony labyrinth has received growing attention in the field of human evolution as it is a useful phylogenetic indicator in hominins, and is particularly useful for distinguishing anatomically modern humans and Neanderthals. The partial adult skeleton of Qafzeh 25 dated to 92 ± 5 ka B.P. suffers from serious post-mortem taphonomic damage that has limited its anatomical description and metrical analysis. However, the two petrosal bones are preserved and the bony labyrinths are not affected by post-mortem deformations. In this study, the methodology developed by Spoor (1993) is used to analyze and compare the morphometric data from Qafzeh 25 semi-circular canals and cochlea to that of other fossils from the site and more generally to the published hominin sample (Middle and Late Pleistocene hominins).While this analysis reveals that the Qafzeh 25 bony labyrinth resembles that other Qafzeh individuals, it extends the range of variation within the sample for some variables.

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“…Slice thickness of 0.625 mm, X-ray tube voltage 120 kV and tube current 304 mA were used. More details can be found in Kranioti et al[4] and Uhl et al[5]. CT analysis was performed with the Amira 5.2 and 6.5 and Aviso 6.2 software packages.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fossil preserves the vault and most of the cranial base of an adult male individual. Although initially considered female[1,3], its sex was recently confirmed as male through the analysis of the bony labyrinth morphology[5] and of aDNA[6]. Previous descriptions have noted the presence of antemortem trauma in the form of two small, healed scars on the frontal bone[1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the art forensic techniques reveal evidence of interpersonal violence ca. 30,000 years ago

2019

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The Cioclovina (Romania) calvaria, dated to ca . 33 cal ka BP and thought to be associated with the Aurignacian lithic industry, is one of the few relatively well preserved representatives of the earliest modern Europeans. Two large fractures on this specimen have been described as taphonomic modifications. Here we used gross and virtual forensic criteria and experimental simulations on synthetic bone models, to investigate their nature. Both forensic trauma pattern analysis and experimental models exclude a postmortem origin for the Cioclovina fractures. Rather, they indicate two incidents of blunt force trauma, the second clearly inflicted with a club-like object. The magnitude and extent of the lesions and the lack of signs of healing indicate a fatal injury. The Upper Paleolithic period is noted for intensified technological innovation, increased symbolic behavior, and cultural complexity. We show that the behavioural repertoire of the earliest modern Europeans also comprised violent inter-personal interactions and murder.

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Inner ear morphology of the cioclovina early modern European calvaria from Romania

Abstract: Results agree with previous work showing that Cioclovina exhibits fully modern cranial morphology.

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

A virtual assessment of the proposed suprainiac fossa on the early modern European calvaria from Cioclovina, Romania

A virtual assessment of the proposed suprainiac fossa on the early modern European calvaria from Cioclovina, Romania

The bony labyrinth of Qafzeh 25 Homo sapiens from Israel

State of the art forensic techniques reveal evidence of interpersonal violence ca. 30,000 years ago

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