Innate immunity of fish (overview)

Dietary phenylalanine-improved intestinal barrier health in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is associated with increased immune status and regulated gene expression of cytokines, tight junction proteins, antioxidant enzymes and related signalling molecules

“…As far as we know, intestinal mucosal immune status is closely associated with the cytokine-mediated inflammation [14]. Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-8 and TNF-a are involved in the initiation and amplification of inflammatory processes in fish [52].…”

“…These observations suggested that Phe may affect intestinal immune responses in fish, which is worthy of investigation. In fish, immune responses are based on communication between cells by molecular mediators referred to as cytokines [14]. However, no previous studies have reported the effects of Phe on cytokine production in fish.…”

The impaired intestinal mucosal immune system by valine deficiency for young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is associated with decreasing immune status and regulating tight junction proteins transcript abundance in the intestine

“…The antibacterial compounds, such as lysozyme, acid phosphatase and complement [11], and cytokines including tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) play an important role in the immune response of fish [12]. Furthermore, production of cytokine could be involved in signaling pathway of nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) [13] and TOR [14].…”

RNA-seq profiles from grass carp tissues after reovirus (GCRV) infection based on singular and modular enrichment analyses

“…However, systematic understanding is needed for the changes that occur at the molecular level in different tissues of grass carp during hemorrhagic disease. Innate immunity in fish is investigated mainly because of its importance in the early stages of embryogenesis and of the fundamental defense mechanisms against pathogens (Uribe et al, 2011;Magnadottir, 2006;Rombout et al, 2005). In fact, fish occupy an apparent crossroads between the innate immune response and the evolution of the adaptive immune response (Tort et al, 2003).…”