Innate immunity

Iwasaki, Akiko; Peiris, Malik

doi:10.1002/9781118636817.ch17

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Several TLRs recognize different parts of the influenza virus. TLR7 and TLR8 recognize single stranded RNA (ssRNA) [19,23,24] while TLR3 recognizes double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) [25][26][27]. TLR3 is expressed by DCs in the RT and is probably activated through phagocytosis of dying influenza-infected cells [28].…”

Section: Innate Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal vaccination using novel mucosal adjuvants : with main focus on influenza A virus

Falkeborn¹

2015

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Section: Innate Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal vaccination using novel mucosal adjuvants : with main focus on influenza A virus

Falkeborn¹

2015

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“…Childhood exposure to related flu strains help explain this pattern (Worobey, Han, and Rambaut 2014) and 'vigorous immune responses directed against the virus in healthy young persons could have caused severe disease in 1918' (Morens et al 2010, e13). The role of the immune system in influenza infection is highly complex and incompletely understood (Iwasaki and Peiris 2013), but it is plausible that women with a suppressed immune system were partly protected against the most severe consequences of the virus. If this holds true, the estimates of Almond (2006) and similar studies of the 1918 flu pandemic might be inflated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating survivorship bias: the case of the 1918 flu pandemic

Floris

Kaiser

Mayr

et al. 2021

Applied Economics Letters

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Estimates of the effect of foetal health shocks may suffer from survivorship bias. The foetal origins literature seemingly agrees that survivorship bias is innocuous in the sense that it induces a bias towards zero. Arguably, however, selective mortality can imply a bias away from zero. In the case of the 1918 flu pandemic, a suppressed immune system may have been protective against the most severe consequences of infection. We use historical birth records from the maternity hospital of Bern, Switzerland, to evaluate this possibility. Our results suggest that a careful consideration of survivorship bias is imperative for the evaluation of the 1918 flu pandemic and other foetal health shocks.

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“…Immune responses against influenza virus infection 1-2-1. Innate immune responses Studies of the immune mechanisms induced by natural viral infection show that influenza virus invasion is initially eliminated from the respiratory tract in a nonspecific manner by innate immune mechanisms, including factors such as natural immunoglobulins and collectins, which inhibit the infection by blocking the binding of viral HA to its receptor (sialic acid) on epithelial cells (3,(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Once the virus spreads to the respiratory tract epithelial cells, it replicates and infects other cells, thereby destroying the epithelium and (sometimes) pneumocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%