Innate immune responses of gingival epithelial cells to nonperiodontopathic and periodontopathic bacteria

Abstract

The nonperiodontopathic, the orange-complex, and the red-complex bacteria had different effects on the innate immune responses from gingival epithelial cells, which may affect the outcome of their host-microbial interaction in gingival sulcus.

Oral Epithelial Cell Responses to Multispecies Microbial Biofilms

“…Extensive results have documented the responses of epithelial cells after challenge with planktonic oral bacteria (Huang et al, 2004;Hasegawa et al, 2007;Ji et al, 2007;Stathopoulou et al, 2010). However, current models of the host-microbe interactions in the oral cavity emphasize the critical nature of complex microbial biofilms that form unique microbial ecologies (Colombo et al, 2009;Darveau, 2009) and that change during transition from health to disease (Marsh, 2010).…”

“…While the vast majority of in vitro studies have been conducted under aerobic conditions (Hasegawa et al, 2007;Ji et al, 2007;Guggenheim et al, 2009), a recent study reported that under reduced oxygen tension (i.e., 2% oxygen), selected oral bacteria, including P. gingivalis, elicited elevated levels of cytokines/chemokines in a low oxygen environment (Grant et al, 2010). This model system will enable us to explore variations in the oxygen level, volatile sulfur compounds, and elevated pH on the host-bacterial biofilm interactions that would be expected to occur in periodontal disease.…”

“…Basal epithelial cell levels of IL-1α = 245 ± 27; IL-6 = 0.64 ± 0.12; TGFα = 118 ± 16. gingivitis, and periodontitis (Socransky and Haffajee, 2005). Cytokines/chemokines that have been reported to be induced by various stimuli interacting with a range of epithelial cell types were targeted, including IL-1α, IL-6, TGFα, IL-8, Gro-1α, Fractalkine, IP-10, MIP-1α, RANTES, and MCP-1 (Gemmell et al, 2001;Ji et al, 2007;Pathirana et al, 2010).…”

“…The investigations were designed to identify specific response molecules (Ji et al, 2007;Mans et al, 2009), as well as the receptors and ligand interactions that account for the responses (Hayashi et al, 2010). These studies have provided some understanding of the capacity of individual micro-organisms or bacterial consortia to elicit patterns of responses from specific host cell types, the net result of which are identified by in situ response profiles.…”

“…Historically, most in vitro studies have evaluated how individual planktonic bacteria or their component products would trigger host responses (Ji et al, 2007;Stathopoulou et al, 2010). The investigations were designed to identify specific response molecules (Ji et al, 2007;Mans et al, 2009), as well as the receptors and ligand interactions that account for the responses (Hayashi et al, 2010).…”