Inline holographic coherent anti-Stokes Raman microscopy

Abstract

Abstract:We demonstrate a simple approach for inline holographic coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, in which a layer of uniform nonlinear medium is placed in front of a specimen to be imaged. The reference wave created by four-wave mixing in the nonlinear medium can interfere with the CARS signal generated in the specimen to result in an inline hologram. We experimentally and theoretically investigate the inline CARS holography and show that it has chemical selectivity and can allow for three-dimensional imaging. scattering microscopy with non-phase-matching illumination," Opt. Lett. 32(13), 1941-1943 (2007). 12. K. Shi, H. Li, Q. Xu, D. Psaltis, and Z. Liu, "Coherent anti-Stokes Raman holography for single-shot nonscanning chemically selective three-dimensional imaging," Phys. ©2010 Optical Society of America

Theoretical and experimental demonstration of resolution beyond the Rayleigh limit by FINCH fluorescence microscopic imaging

“…Examples of utilizing digital holography as the basis for optical microscopes are the recently published studies of lensless compact holography-based microscopes [6][7][8]. Another example of using digital holography in microscopy is the holographic coherent anti-Stokes Raman microscope [9]. In the present study we extend our investigation of Fresnel Incoherent Correlation Holography (FINCH), a way to utilize holography with incoherent light, and which is another example of using digital holography in microscopy.…”

Propagation phasor approach for holographic image reconstruction

“…The concept of holography relies on reconstructing the image of a specimen using interference patterns created by the diffracted object fields, which can be recorded and digitized even without the use of any lenses. Recent advances in digital holographic microscopy have largely benefited from the rapid evolution of e.g., the opto-electronic sensor technology and computing power 2 , which have led to the development of various new imaging configurations and reconstruction techniques 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 .…”

Holographic coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering bio-imaging

“…For instance, second harmonic holography utilizes ${\chi }^{(2)}$ (second-order nonlinear susceptibility) to provide image contrast and can record the second harmonic field generated by nano-crystal markers [2,3] or the endogeneous second harmonic radiation [4,5]. We recently proposed and demonstrated coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) holography [6,7], a special case of four wave mixing (FWM) holography which utilizes ${\chi }^{(3)}$ (third-order nonlinear susceptibility) as a contrast mechanism. This allows us to probe low-energy material excitations such as molecular vibrations and utilize the spectral response as a molecular “fingerprint” to provide image contrast.…”

“…We note that this is different from the optically sectioned scanning CARS microscopy [13], which directly images the three-dimensional nonlinear source distribution. For sparse objects, 3D tomographic reconstruction can be accomplished from a single hologram by using the technique of compressive holography [7,14]. …”