Inkjet printing of semitransparent electrodes for photovoltaic applications

Maisch, Philipp; Tam, Kai Cheong; Lucera, Luca; Fecher, Frank W.; Egelhaaf, Hans‐Joachim; Scheiber, Horst; Maier, Eugen; Brabec, Christoph J.

doi:10.1117/12.2236968

Cited by 25 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Digital printing of organic photovoltaics is a promising approach to address this issue, because its drop‐on‐demand process allows the arbitrary deposition of materials. It has already been demonstrated by numerous works but very few works showed organic photovoltaic modules OPV‐M fabricated by this method with areas beyond 1 cm 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Shy Organic Photovoltaics: Digitally Printed Organic Solar Modules With Hidden Interconnects

et al. 2018

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One of the biggest attractions of the organic photovoltaics (OPV) technology is the easiness with which it can be integrated. However, despite its semitransparency and wide variety of colors, a major unresolved challenge is to fabricate optically inconspicuous organic photovoltaic modules (OPV‐M) that can be integrated into visually demanding products. This is dominantly due to the visual obstruction from Z‐interconnection lines inherent to module processing with classical patterning methods. We now present for the first time a solution to this problem, which utilizes a visually seamless interconnection method to elegantly minimize the conspicuity of the interconnection regime. We realize such invisible interconnects by inkjet printing highly conductive silver lines, which penetrate the solar cell stack and form an electrical connection between adjacent cells. A combined characterization approach utilizing in‐depth electrical characterization and finite element (FEM) simulation rationalizes the excellent electrical cell‐to‐cell contact established with this interconnection technology. We combine this technology with a variable‐geometry module design into an innovative digital inkjet printing platform for the production of state‐of‐the art but visually attractive solar modules. The full potential of this concept is demonstrated by a fully inkjet printed arbitrarily shaped OPV‐M portrait.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Shy Organic Photovoltaics: Digitally Printed Organic Solar Modules With Hidden Interconnects

et al. 2018

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“…Inkjet printing of AgNWs is extremely challenging due to the length of AgNWs that is usually tens of micrometers, which can easily cause clogging of the nozzle. Several attempts have been made to achieve conductive patterns . The first attempt to inkjet printing AgNW ink was to add AgNWs to the AgNO 3 ink to lower the concentration of AgNO 3 and increase the viscosity of the ink .…”

Section: Printing Conductive Nanomaterials Inksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among all types of solar cells, organic solar cells (OSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are particularly suited for deposition using printing technologies. Printable TCEs based on both AgNPs and AgNWs have been widely employed as transparent electrodes for solar cells. Kopola et al demonstrated the aerosol jet printing Ag grid with linewidth less than 60 µm as the electrode for OSCs.…”

Section: Applications: Flexible and Stretchable Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

Huang

Zhu

2019

Adv Materials Technologies

346

347

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PE has been explored for the manufacturing of flexible and stretchable electronic devices by printing functional inks containing soluble or dispersed materials, [14][15][16] which has enabled a wide variety of applications, such as transparent conductive films (TCFs), flexible energy harvesting and storage, thin film transistors (TFTs), electroluminescent devices, and wearable sensors. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] The global PE market should reach $26.6 billion by 2022 from $14.0 billion in 2017 at a compound annual growth rate of 13.6%. [25] PE devices are manufactured by a variety of printing technologies. Typical printing technologies can be divided into two broad categories: noncontact patterning (or nozzle-based patterning) and contact-based patterning. The noncontact techniques include inkjet printing, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing, aerosol jet printing, and slot die coating, while screen printing, gravure printing, and flexographic printing are examples of the contact techniques. Each of these techniques has its own advantages and disadvantages, but they all rely on the principle of transferring inks to a substrate. Understanding the characteristics and recent advances of each printing technique is important to further the progress in PE. Moreover, to promote the lab-scale printing technologies to large-scale production process, roll-toroll (R2R) printing, which is one of the manufacturing methods to obtain large-area films with low cost and excellent durability, has drawn much attention from both industry and the research community.Nearly all of devices based on PE require conductive structures, interconnects, and contacts; therefore, highly conductive patterns, usually with high transparency and/or high resolution, fabricated by means of printing conductive materials are one of the most critical components in PE devices. Various printable conductive nanomaterials, such as metal nanomaterials (e.g., metal nanoparticles and metal nanowires) and carbon nanomaterials (e.g., graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)), have been explored and used as major materials for PE. Applying printing technology to deposition of the conductive nanomaterials requires formulation of suitable inks. After depositing inks on different substrates, post-printing treatment, Printed electronics is attracting a great deal of attention in both research and commercialization as it enables fabrication of large-scale, low-cost electronic devices on a variety of substrates. Printed electronics plays a critical role infacilitating widespread flexible electronics and more recently stretchable electronics. Conductive nanomaterials, such as metal nanoparticles and nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, are promising building blocks for printed electronics. Nanomaterial-based printing technologies, formulation of printable inks, post-printing treatment, and integration of functional devices have progressed substantially in the recent years. This review summarizes basic principles and recent development of common printing technologie...

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“…The fully inkjet printed semitransparent OSC with PV2000 (Raynergy Tek):PC 71 BM as active layer and the Ag NW meshes as BTE and TTE (as shown in Figure 10f) exhibited a PCE of 4.3% for the 1 cm 2 area device. [143] Figure 10g shows the transmittance spectra of the device, it can be seen that the device showed ≈10% transmittance in the visible region.…”

Section: Metal Nanowires Based Ttementioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible and Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells

Cui

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

609

449

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Flexible and semitransparent organic solar cells (OSCs) have been regarded as the most promising photovoltaic devices for the application of OSCs in wearable energy resources and building‐integrated photovoltaics. Therefore, the flexible and semitransparent OSCs have developed rapidly in recent years through the synergistic efforts in developing novel flexible bottom or top transparent electrodes, designing and synthesizing high performance photoactive layer and low temperature processed electrode buffer layer materials, and device architecture engineering. To date, the highest power conversion efficiencies have reached over 10% of the flexible OSCs and 7.7% with average visible transmittance of 37% for the semitransparent OSCs. Here, a comprehensive overview of recent research progresses and perspectives on the related materials and devices of the flexible and semitransparent OSCs is provided.

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Inkjet printing of semitransparent electrodes for photovoltaic applications

Cited by 25 publications

References 12 publications

Shy Organic Photovoltaics: Digitally Printed Organic Solar Modules With Hidden Interconnects

Shy Organic Photovoltaics: Digitally Printed Organic Solar Modules With Hidden Interconnects

Printing Conductive Nanomaterials for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Review of Materials, Processes, and Applications

Flexible and Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells

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