Inkjet-printed barcodes for a rapid and multiplexed paper-based assay compatible with mobile devices

Abstract

This study reports a simple, rapid, low-cost, robust, and multiplexed barcoded paper-based assay (BPA) compatible with mobile devices. An inkjet printer and an XYZ dispensing platform were used to realize mass-manufacturing of barcoded paper-based analytical devices (BPADs) with high precision and efficiency. We designed a new group of barcodes and developed an application (APP) for the reading of the new code. The new barcodes possess a 16 times higher coding capacity than the standard Codabar code in our experiment on drug residue detection. The BPA system allows applications in the assays of blood-transmitted infections, drug residues in milk and multiplex nucleic acids. The whole detection process and the readout of the results can be completed within 10 minutes. The limit of detection for enrofloxacin (ENR) (8 ng mL) satisfies the requirements of drug residue monitoring. Its high rapidity, simplicity, efficiency and selectivity make the BPA system extremely suitable to be applied in rapid and on-site detection.

Microfluidics for Biomedical Analysis

“…The combination of paper‐based analytical devices, such as lateral flow assay (LFA), with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)‐mediated readout can convert colorimetric signals to barcode mode. This paper‐based barcoded LFA is compatible with mobile devices and can complete the detection/readout process within 10 min, allowing barcode techniques a promising alternative to traditional readout for protein detection …”

“…The concentration of the target DNA can be quantitatively read based on the color change in the detection zone. By combing AuNP‐based colorimetry with barcode techniques, the concentration of target DNA can be deciphered by a barcode scanner ( Figure a) . In order to simplify the fabrication process of paper‐based barcoded chip without resorting to inkjet printing, we stacked paper sheets with constant thickness together to form the reaction region.…”

“…The principle of paper‐based barcode technology and the result for simultaneous detection the nucleic acid of EV, HAV, HBV, and HIV via the paper‐based analytical device (right). Adapted with permission . Copyright 2017, The Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

Recent Advances in Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices toward High-Throughput Screening

“…Garcia et al presented a handheld stamping process that produced a µPAD in seconds independently of the user’s technical skills [ 114 ]. We considered the fabrication methods that involve digitally control (e.g., wax printing, inkjet printing, and digital cutter) provides high reproducibility compared to the manual control methods (e.g., handwriting) [ 18 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 37 , 53 , 54 , 73 , 115 ].…”

A simple and compact smartphone-based device for the quantitative readout of colloidal gold lateral flow immunoassay strips

“…Given this, different signal material have been developed to meet different detection requirements, including ones containing colloidal gold [15], magnetic nanoparticles [16], quantum dots [17], fluorescence [18], biological enzyme [19], Raman enhancement probe [20] and nano-enzyme [21], etc. In addition, different types of LFISs have been developed through conjunction with different technologies to enable the detection of different analytes, such as barcodes lateral flow strip [22,23], biochemical-immunological hybrid biosensor [19], etc. Despite this variety, AuNPs-LFIS are one of the most common types of LFIS due to its inexpensive cost of production, ease of manufacture, stability, and simple readout.…”