Injuries and deaths due to victim-activated improvised explosive devices, landmines and other explosive remnants of war in Nepal

Bilukha, Oleg; Laurenge, Hugues; Danee, Luhar; Subedi, Krishna Prasad; Becknell, Kristin

doi:10.1136/ip.2010.030312

Cited by 24 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This is similar to findings for 138 victim-activated explosive incidents in Nepal, of which 54.3% of incidents involved only one casualty and only 1.4% resulted in 10 or more casualties [13]. This trend is common to some other settings as well.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Incidents in homes accounted for 15.0% of 120 intentional explosion-related deaths in Istanbul [11]. An earlier study of victim-activated explosive events in Nepal between 2006 and 2010 found that almost 40%—nearly double the proportion in the current study—took place in the home [13]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…These same types of explosive devices were used in over 60% of victim-activated incidents occurring in Nepal between July 2006 and June 2010 [13]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatal and non-fatal injuries due to intentional explosions in Nepal, 2008-2011: analysis of surveillance data

Bilukha

Becknell

Laurenge³

et al. 2013

Confl Health

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BackgroundNepal is one of the post-conflict countries affected by violence from explosive devices. We undertook this study to assess the magnitude of injuries due to intentional explosions in Nepal during 2008-2011 and to describe time trends and epidemiologic patterns for these events.MethodsWe analyzed surveillance data on fatal and non-fatal injuries due to intentional explosions in Nepal that occurred between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2011. The case definition included casualties injured or killed by explosive devices knowingly activated by an individual or a group of individuals with the intent to harm, hurt or terrorize. Data were collected through media-based and active community-based surveillance.ResultsAnalysis included 437 casualties injured or killed in 131 intentional explosion incidents. A decrease in the number of incidents and casualties between January 2008 and June 2009 was followed by a pronounced increase between July 2010 and June 2011. Eighty-four (19.2%) casualties were among females and 40 (9.2%) were among children under 18 years of age. Fifty-nine (45.3%) incidents involved one casualty, 47 (35.9%) involved 2 to 4 casualties, and 6 involved more than 10 casualties. The overall case-fatality ratio was 7.8%. The highest numbers of incidents occurred in streets or at crossroads, in victims’ homes, and in shops or markets. Incidents on buses and near stadiums claimed the highest numbers of casualties per incident. Socket, sutali, and pressure cooker bombs caused the highest numbers of incidents.ConclusionsIntentional explosion incidents still pose a threat to the civilian population of Nepal. Most incidents are caused by small homemade explosive devices and occur in public places, and males aged 20 to 39 account for a plurality of casualties. Stakeholders addressing the explosive device problem in Nepal should continue to use surveillance data to plan interventions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Fatal and non-fatal injuries due to intentional explosions in Nepal, 2008-2011: analysis of surveillance data

Bilukha

Becknell

Laurenge³

et al. 2013

Confl Health

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“…War and conflict leads not only to direct traumatic injury but also to injury more difficult to quantify, such as rape and torture [15], as well as the remnants of war, such as landmine injuries [16]. Patterns of injury seen in military conflicts [17-20] informs civilian care as new techniques for hemorrhage control and wound management are developed.…”

Section: Global Burden Of Trauma and Emergency Surgical Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Care of the injured worldwide: trauma still the neglected disease of modern society

Sakran

Greer

Werlin

et al. 2012

Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med

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Traditionally, surgical diseases including emergency and injury care have garnered less attention and support internationally when compared to other medical specialties. Over the past decade however, healthcare professionals have increasingly advocated for the need to address the global burden of non-communicable diseases. Surgical disease, including traumatic injury, is among the top causes of death and disability worldwide and the subsequent economic burden is substantial, falling disproportionately on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The future of global health in these regions depends on a redirection of attention to diseases managed within surgical, anesthesia and emergency specialties. Increasing awareness of these disparities, as well as increasing focus in the realms of policy and advocacy, is crucial. While the barriers to providing quality trauma and emergency care worldwide are not insurmountable, we must work together across disciplines and across boundaries in order to negotiate change and reduce the global burden of surgical disease.

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“…5 Although casualties caused by landmines and UXOs have been extensively documented, studies conducted so far have focused primarily on epidemiological patterns and risk factors. [6][7][8][9] Findings from these studies provide information that is useful for planning measures to prevent injuries caused by landmines and UXO and improving trauma care systems, but the psychosocial consequences of the injuries and the reintegration of victims into society require much further research. According to studies, injured victims are likely to develop mental health problems, such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as a result of their trauma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-sectional community study of post-traumatic stress disorder and social support in Lao People's Democratic Republic

Southivong

Ichikawa

Nakahara

et al. 2013

Bull. World Health Organ.

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Injuries and deaths due to victim-activated improvised explosive devices, landmines and other explosive remnants of war in Nepal

Cited by 24 publications

References 16 publications

Fatal and non-fatal injuries due to intentional explosions in Nepal, 2008-2011: analysis of surveillance data

Fatal and non-fatal injuries due to intentional explosions in Nepal, 2008-2011: analysis of surveillance data

Care of the injured worldwide: trauma still the neglected disease of modern society

A cross-sectional community study of post-traumatic stress disorder and social support in Lao People's Democratic Republic

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