Injectable treatments for adipose tissue: Terminology, mechanism, and tissue interaction

Abstract

The mechanism of action and tissue effects of injectable fat reducing compounds are diverse but are becoming increasingly understood.

Total control of fat cells from adipogenesis to apoptosis using a xanthene analog

“…[35–37] SD acts like a detergent, causing adipolysis (or adipocytolysis) when injected directly into the area with extra fat tissue. [36, 38] SD lyses the adipocyte’s membrane, which is deficient in cell associated proteins, resulting in necrosis. [37, 38] The usage of SD has been limited to the removal of local fat tissue because the required active dose is high, 2 mg/ml (~ 5 mM) and 0.2 ml/cm 2 .…”

“…[36, 38] SD lyses the adipocyte’s membrane, which is deficient in cell associated proteins, resulting in necrosis. [37, 38] The usage of SD has been limited to the removal of local fat tissue because the required active dose is high, 2 mg/ml (~ 5 mM) and 0.2 ml/cm 2 . [37]…”

Histology and pathology of subcutaneous tissue

“…The 1210 nm laser can induce selective photothermolysis of adipose tissue while sparing the overlying epidermis and the dermis [75,76]. Injection adipolysis or adipolytic therapy usually utilizes injectable detergents such as sodium deoxycholate or phosphatidylcholine to ablate or destroy adipose tissue by solubilizing the adipocyte cell membrane [77].…”

Use of Photodynamic Therapy and Sterile Water to Target Adipose Tissue

“…Fat atrophy due to local injection can be an untended consequence of corticosteroid injections or intended as in mesotherapy. [10][11][12] Although mesotherapy has been in existence for more than half a century, more recently, new substances that have direct effects on adipose tissue have been introduced. 12,13 Verteporfin is a photoactivated compounded that has been used off-label to treat skin cancers.…”

“…[10][11][12] Although mesotherapy has been in existence for more than half a century, more recently, new substances that have direct effects on adipose tissue have been introduced. 12,13 Verteporfin is a photoactivated compounded that has been used off-label to treat skin cancers. 2 It is benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid A, a porphyrin derivative and 1:1 mixture of 2 isomers.…”