2020
DOI: 10.3390/jfb11040074
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Injectable Enzymatically Hardened Calcium Phosphate Biocement

Abstract: (1) Background: The preparation and characterization of novel fully injectable enzymatically hardened tetracalcium phosphate/monetite cements (CXI cements) using phytic acid/phytase (PHYT/F3P) hardening liquid with a small addition of polyacrylic acid/carboxymethyl cellulose anionic polyelectrolyte (PAA/CMC) and enhanced bioactivity. (2) Methods: Composite cements were prepared by mixing of calcium phosphate powder mixture with hardening liquid containing anionic polyelectrolyte. Phase and microstructural anal… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…Hydrogels based on hydrogen and ionic bonds can be easily affected by pH, temperature, and humidity, as well as the molecular weight and crosslinking degree of polymer materials. It is possible to adjust the hydrogel composition such that its swelling rate, water content, and degradation time, as well as its plasticity and hardness, are affected 79 , 80 . As CMC and PAA are mixed, they intertwine to form polymers based on electric charges, which increases the material’s hardness, promotes swelling reduction, and prolongs degradation (Fig.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hydrogels based on hydrogen and ionic bonds can be easily affected by pH, temperature, and humidity, as well as the molecular weight and crosslinking degree of polymer materials. It is possible to adjust the hydrogel composition such that its swelling rate, water content, and degradation time, as well as its plasticity and hardness, are affected 79 , 80 . As CMC and PAA are mixed, they intertwine to form polymers based on electric charges, which increases the material’s hardness, promotes swelling reduction, and prolongs degradation (Fig.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Even though hydrogels provide a friendlier environment for cells in terms of toxicity and ability to replicate a highly hydrated microenvironment, the mechanical properties are much lower than those of thermoplastics [91] or cements. [92,93] In fact, stiffness values of hydrogels, which researchers have been able to control and tune to best fit their applications, vary from below 100 Pa to over 100 kPa. [94][95][96] While these are the ideal mechanical requirements for tissues like vasculature, brain, or soft organs, it is often insufficient to mimic the properties of structural tissues.…”
Section: Hybridmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some authors even suggest the use of more than one additive, obtaining a hybrid material with improved injectability, anti-washout and self-setting properties [ 150 ]. It is clear that addition of different additives can aid calcium phosphate functionality, however it should be noted that additives may have an effect on other aspects of implant properties.…”
Section: Additivesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most popular CaP compound employed in the reviewed patent documents is α-TCP [ [144] , [145] , [146] , [147] , [148] , [149] , [150] , [151] , 151 , 152 , [152] , [152] , [153] , [154] , [155] , [156] , [157] , [158] , [159] , [160] , [161] , [162] , [163] , [164] , [165] , [166] , [167] , [168] , [169] , [170] ], although there are some documents that use β-TCP as well [ 153 , 159 , [162] , [163] , [164] , [165] , [166] , 172 ]; in some documents ACP also appears [ 160 , 166 , 169 , 173 ]. Tendency to use more than one CaP form can also be observed [ 153 , [158] , [159] , [160] , [162] , [163] , [164] , [165] , [166] , 169 , 170 , 172 , 174 ].…”
Section: Recent Developments In Patentsmentioning
confidence: 99%