Biomineralization-inspired mineralized hydrogel promotes the repair and regeneration of dentin/bone hard tissue

Abstract

Maxillofacial hard tissue defects caused by trauma or infection often affect craniofacial function. Taking the natural hard tissue structure as a template, constructing an engineered tissue repair module is an important scheme to realize the functional regeneration and repair of maxillofacial hard tissue. Here, inspired by the biomineralization process, we constructed a composite mineral matrix hydrogel PAA-CMC-TDM containing amorphous calcium phosphates (ACPs), polyacrylic acid (PAA), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and dentin matrix (TDM). The dynamic network composed of Ca2+·COO− coordination and ACPs made the hydrogel loaded with TDM, and exhibited self-repairing ability and injectability. The mechanical properties of PAA-CMC-TDM can be regulated, but the functional activity of TDM remains unaffected. Cytological studies and animal models of hard tissue defects show that the hydrogel can promote the odontogenesis or osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, adapt to irregular hard tissue defects, and promote in situ regeneration of defective tooth and bone tissues. In summary, this paper shows that the injectable TDM hydrogel based on biomimetic mineralization theory can induce hard tissue formation and promote dentin/bone regeneration.

Advances and Prospects in Materials for Craniofacial Bone Reconstruction

“…295 Through mimicking the native extracellular matrix, hydrogels can be fabricated into fibrous nanostructures and porous microstructures, which increase the expression of osteogenic markers and promote osteogenesis in defect areas. 296,297 Natural polymer-based hydrogels occupy an important position in craniofacial bone regeneration. For instance, viscoelastic modulation and dual peptide functionalization of alginate hydrogels can synergistically promote multiple aspects of MSC osteogenic potential and increase local angiogenesis.…”

“…In recent years, hydrogel, a special form of biomaterials, has achieved great success in bone tissue engineering due to tunable chemical and physical characteristics. , With an injectable feature, hydrogels can be transported through a minimally invasive method. , These adaptable hydrogels enable cell migration into the materials without requiring interconnective pores . Through mimicking the native extracellular matrix, hydrogels can be fabricated into fibrous nanostructures and porous microstructures, which increase the expression of osteogenic markers and promote osteogenesis in defect areas. , …”

Anisotropic Liesegang pattern for the nonlinear elastic biomineral-hydrogel complex

“…In this study, we studied the biomineralization kinetics by tuning the ionic strength (I) to achieve the HAP-HD complex material featuring the anisotropic Liesegang pattern and nonlinear elasticity. Here, the biomineralization indicates the HAP growing phenomenon using Ca 2+ -and PO 4 3− -rich HAP precursors (39)(40)(41). The biomineralization performed below the critical I led to the single HAP shellcovered complex (HSC).…”

A xenogeneic extracellular matrix-based 3D printing scaffold modified by ceria nanoparticles for craniomaxillofacial hard tissue regeneration via osteo-immunomodulation

“…In the previous studies, treated dentin matrix (TDM) derived from the decellularized and demineralized natural dentin could efficiently promote stem cell differentiation and hard tissue formation including osteogenesis and odontogenesis because of the release of multiple biological factors [5,17,18]. We have proposed a new strategy of using TDM and biodegradable polymer to construct 3D-printed bioengineered tooth root scaffolds and achieved ideal odontogenic regeneration, which demonstrated TDM as a novel ECM could achieve a better regeneration compared with traditional bioactive materials like hydroxyapatite [5].…”