Injectable decellularized nucleus pulposus-based cell delivery system for differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells and nucleus pulposus regeneration

Extracellular Matrix From Decellularized Wharton’s Jelly Improves the Behavior of Cells From Degenerated Intervertebral Disc

“…Our data are in line with the hypothesis that the strengthening of cell properties in terms of viability and expression of specific proteins at precise times represents an important condition in the perspective of guiding the recovery of cellular functionality and triggering regenerative potential. Therefore, the potential of DWJM to revert degenerated IVD cells can be exploited to carry out an ECM-based intradiscal injectable therapeutic (Tukmachev et al, 2016;Wachs et al, 2017;Porzionato et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2018). In other words, the presence of DWJM could be sufficient to further the functional recovery of the endogenous cells in the degenerated IVD microenvironment.…”

“…making available an ECM -based product characterized not only by biological properties suitable for cell survival and function, but also easy of handling for clinical application. DWJM can be easily stored as lyophilized powder, and also modified as ready-to use injectable hydrogel treatment for intraoperative application (Tukmachev et al, 2016;Wachs et al, 2017;Porzionato et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2018).…”

“…In this scenario, decellularized ECM deriving from autologous or non-autologous tissues represents an important advance in this field, as ideal system to deliver chemokines and growth factors, and provides adequate biomechanical microarchitecture also in the damaged IVD microenvironment (D'Este et al, 2018;Hensley et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2019;Ventre et al, 2019;Zhao et al, 2019). Obviously, obtaining autologous ECM from human IVD is not feasible, but recent evidences based on decellularized ECM from IVD of animal origin are encouraging (Illien-Jünger et al, 2016;Lin et al, 2016;Zhou et al, 2018;Xu et al, 2019). However, these scaffolds, which are potentially implantable in humans, can have non-negligibile side effects because of immunological reactions and pathogen transmission risk (Zhou et al, 2018).…”

“…Obviously, obtaining autologous ECM from human IVD is not feasible, but recent evidences based on decellularized ECM from IVD of animal origin are encouraging (Illien-Jünger et al, 2016;Lin et al, 2016;Zhou et al, 2018;Xu et al, 2019). However, these scaffolds, which are potentially implantable in humans, can have non-negligibile side effects because of immunological reactions and pathogen transmission risk (Zhou et al, 2018). Interesting alternatives can come from tissues for which obtaining the ECM can be easily achieved, both from a technical and ethical point of view.…”

Biomaterials-Induced Stem Cells Specific Differentiation Into Intervertebral Disc Lineage Cells

“…Decellularized IVD scaffolds significantly promoted MSC viability and increased Collagen type II, Collagen type II/type I, AGN, Sox-9, GPC3 expression in vitro, indicating a NP-like phenotype differentiation, and alleviated aggravation of disc height decline and microstructure disruption on rabbit model . A crosslinking agent can significantly enhance the mechanical properties of decellularized NP scaffolds and has been used to fabricate an injectable cell delivery system that induced ADSCs into a NP-like phenotype (elevated Krt19 and Pax1 expression) in vitro ( Figure 2C) and achieved IVD regeneration in an in vivo rabbit model (Zhou et al, 2018d;…”