Initiation of Runaway Cell Death in an
            <i>Arabidopsis</i>
            Mutant by Extracellular Superoxide

Jabs, Thorsten; Dietrich, Robert A.; Dangl, Jeffery L.

doi:10.1126/science.273.5283.1853

Cited by 817 publications

(631 citation statements)

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“…Yellow, water-soluble NBT is reduced by superoxide radicals to blue, water-insoluble formazan (Grosskinsky et al, 2012;Jabs et al, 1996;Kawarazaki et al, 2013;L'Haridon et al, 2011;Liao et al, 2012;Wang and Higgins, 2006;Xia et al, 2009). Superoxide anion radicals can also be detected using dihydroethidium (DHE), a cell-permeable blue fluorescent stain that forms red fluorescent oxyethidium upon oxidation and intercalates with nucleic acids (see recent applications in Lehotai et al, 2011;Mai et al, 2013;Pet} o et al, 2013).…”

Section: Detection Of Rosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species and plant resistance to fungal pathogens

et al. 2015

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been studied for their role in plant development as well as in plant immunity. ROS were consistently observed to accumulate in the plant after the perception of pathogens and microbes and over the years, ROS were postulated to be an integral part of the defence response of the plant. In this article we will focus on recent findings about ROS involved in the interaction of plants with pathogenic fungi. We will describe the ways to detect ROS, their modes of action and their importance in relation to resistance to fungal pathogens. In addition we include some results from works focussing on the fungal interactor and from studies investigating roots during pathogen attack.

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Section: Detection Of Rosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species and plant resistance to fungal pathogens

et al. 2015

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“…HR, a form of programmed cell death (PCD) occurs as a plant immune response to survive pathogen attack [55]. Dat et al [54] and Jabs et al [56] identified H 2 O 2 and superoxide anion as initiators of PCD events and necrotic lesion formation, respectively. There is increasing evidence that various concentrations and durations of ROS exposure will lead to either necrosis or PCD [57] and [58].…”

Section: Asa Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L) and the role of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant

Begum

Fugetsu

2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

169

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a novel nanomaterial with wide potential applications; however the adverse effects of CNTs following environmental exposure have recently received significant attention. Herein, we explore the systemic toxicity and potential influence of 0-1000 mg L −1 the multi-walled CNTs on red spinach. CNTs exposed plants exhibited growth inhibition and cell death after 15 days of hydroponic culture.CNTs had adverse effects on root and leaf morphology, as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Raman spectroscopy detected CNTs in leaves. Biomarkers of nanoparticle toxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cell damage in the red spinach were greatly increased 15 days post-exposure to CNTs. These effects were reversed when CNTs were supplemented with ascorbic acid (AsA), suggesting a role of ROS in the CNT-induced toxicity and that the primary mechanism of CNTs' toxicity is oxidative stress.

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“…The oat blight disease induced by the toxin victorin involves the specific cleavage of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and may interact with senescence mechanisms (Navarre and Wolpert, 1999). The types and number of pathways, whether they are activated separately or have cross-talk, and how they converge to result in the similar cell morphology and ultimately cell death are still unknown.The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been suggested as a key trigger or mediator to PCD accompanying the HR (Jabs et al, 1996;May et al, 1996;Mittler et al, 1996; Bestwick et al, 1997;Lamb and Dixon, 1997; Desikan et al, 1998). Hydrogen peroxide also accumulates in lettuce leaf tracheary elements (Bestwick et al, 1997) and senescing pea leaves (Pastori and del Río, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrogen peroxide also accumulates in lettuce leaf tracheary elements (Bestwick et al, 1997) and senescing pea leaves (Pastori and del Río, 1997). Thus, ROS might be a general trigger for PCD in plants, although they may be insufficient to induce PCD (Glazener et al, 1996).Here, hydrogen peroxide correlated closely with the D4-satRNA-induced rapid cell death (data not shown), which suggests the possibility of a common pathway for hydrogen peroxide to induce host cell death during both the incompatible and susceptible reactions.The accumulation of hydrogen peroxide involves the activation of a plasma membrane-associated NAD(P)H oxidase (Jabs et al, 1996) and the inhibition of catalase expression and suppression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase during the response of plants to pathogens (Chamnongpol et al, 1996;Takahashi et al, 1997;Mittler et al, 1998). Recently, cysteine proteases were found to be activated by oxidative stress in soybean cells and inhibition of cysteine proteases could block PCD (Solomon et al, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been suggested as a key trigger or mediator to PCD accompanying the HR (Jabs et al, 1996;May et al, 1996;Mittler et al, 1996; Bestwick et al, 1997;Lamb and Dixon, 1997; Desikan et al, 1998). Hydrogen peroxide also accumulates in lettuce leaf tracheary elements (Bestwick et al, 1997) and senescing pea leaves (Pastori and del Río, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cucumber Mosaic Virus D Satellite RNA-Induced Programmed Cell Death in Tomato

Xu¹,

Roossinck²

2000

The Plant Cell

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D satellite RNA (satRNA) with its helper virus, namely, cucumber mosaic virus, causes systemic necrosis in tomato. The infected plant exhibits a distinct spatial and temporal cell death pattern. The distinct features of chromatin condensation and nuclear DNA fragmentation indicate that programmed cell death is involved. In addition, satRNA localization and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling show that cell death is initiated from the infected phloem or cambium cells and spreads to other nearby infected cells. Timing of the onset of necrosis after inoculation implicates the involvement of cell developmental processes in initiating tomato cell death. Analysis of the accumulation of minus-and plus-strand satRNAs in the infected plants indicates a correlation between high amounts of minus-strand satRNA and tomato cell death. INTRODUCTIONCucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is an isometric plant virus with a tripartite plus-sense RNA genome (Palukaitis et al., 1992). Some strains of CMV harbor satellite RNAs (satRNAs)-small, linear molecules ranging from 332 to 405 nucleotides long. The satRNAs are dependent on CMV for their replication, encapsidation, and dispersion, but they are not necessary for the life cycle of the virus. They can attenuate or exacerbate the symptoms induced by the helper viruses in specific plant hosts. For example, D-satRNA, B-satRNA, and WL1-satRNA induce necrosis, chlorosis, and attenuation, respectively, in infected tomato plants in the presence of any CMV helper virus. In tobacco, however, D-satRNA and WL1-satRNA attenuate symptoms, whereas minor nucleotide sequence variants of the B-satRNA either attenuate symptoms or induce chlorosis in a helper virusspecific manner (reviewed in García-Arenal and Palukaitis, 1999).D-satRNA (335 nucleotides long) induces a lethal systemic necrosis in tomato that has been reported as epidemic in France, Italy, and Spain (Kaper and Waterworth, 1977;Jordá et al., 1992). The molecular and cellular mechanisms of the disease, which can cause a catastrophic reduction in tomato production, remain unknown, although the sequences in D-satRNA responsible for the lethal necrosis have been determined (Sleat and Palukaitis, 1990;Sleat et al., 1994). By using in vitro and in vivo analyses of its secondary structure, researchers have correlated a helix and a tetraloop region near the 3 Ј end of the satRNA with the necrotic syndrome (Bernal and García-Arenal, 1997;Rodríguez-Alvarado and Roossinck, 1997). For some specific CMV and satRNA combinations, RNA 2 of CMV has been shown to be involved in determining pathogenicity (Sleat et al., 1994). Recently, however, the minus-strand D-satRNA expressed from a potato virus X vector was shown to induce similar necrosis in tomato, thereby excluding the specific role of CMV in the pathogenicity of D-satRNA, except for its function as a helper virus in the host plants (Taliansky et al., 1998).The conspicuous symptom of tomato plants infected by D-satRNA and CMV is cell death, the cause of the lethal systemic...

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Initiation of Runaway Cell Death in an Arabidopsis Mutant by Extracellular Superoxide

Cited by 817 publications

References 44 publications

Reactive oxygen species and plant resistance to fungal pathogens

Reactive oxygen species and plant resistance to fungal pathogens

Phytotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L) and the role of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant

Cucumber Mosaic Virus D Satellite RNA-Induced Programmed Cell Death in Tomato

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