Initiation of Hyperinsulinemia and Hyperleptinemia is Diet Dependent in C57BL/6 Mice

Abstract

C57BL/6 female mice were fed high fat diets containing different types of carbohydrate (sucrose or corn starch) and contents of cholesterol (0.03 % or 1 %) to identify early metabolic changes leading to increases in leptin levels and eventual insulin resistance. Under identical dietary fat conditions, type of carbohydrate and cholesterol content contributed to the timing of leptin increases. Mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet showed early (4 weeks) and robust increases in circulating insulin and leptin levels (2-fold and 5-fold, respectively). In contrast, mice fed this diet with added cholesterol or with sucrose substituted by corn starch led to marked delays (8-10 weeks) in the elevations of insulin and leptin, although body weight gains were nearly identical among test diet groups. Thus, sucrose in combination with saturated fat played a specific role in initiating early metabolic changes associated with elevated leptin and insulin levels. Because leptin levels were most reflective of changes in insulin, our data support a role for insulin in determining plasma leptin levels in mice.

Anti-obese and anti-diabetic effects of a mixture of daidzin and glycitin on C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat diet

“…It is known that a high-fat diet increases adipose tissue, which is a crucial factor in the development of obesity. 31) Obesity is defined as excess adipose tissue that can produce adverse health effects. 32) In this study, epididymal and visceral adipose tissue weight in the HFISO group decreased significantly (Fig.…”

Dietary factors alter hepatic innate immune system in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

“…Of various environmental factors that might contribute to the rising incidence of obesity-related diseases, changes in dietary habits merit particular consideration because diets that are enriched in certain macronutrients (e.g., fats, fructose, or sucrose) induce both obesity and insulin resistance in rodents and human. [1][2][3] Growing evidence has pointed to a correlative and causative relation between inflammation and insulin resistance. Indeed, population-based studies of obese humans link insulin resistance to systemic inflammation.…”

“…1,2 There is also evidence that changes in these dietary factors influence insulin sensitivity in humans, 3 and this may explain why Westernized diets are associated with an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Because the incidence of various obesity-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes, fatty liver, glomerulonephritis, cataracts, neuropathy, and epithelial neoplasm, are increased in "over-nourished" rodents, 1 these models are used to study the pathogenesis of such diet-induced diseases.…”

Reduction of diet-induced obesity by a combination of tea-catechin intake and regular swimming

“…However, the increase in plasma leptin concentrations was significantly reduced by the consumption of tea Cat or regular Ex. Hyperinsulinemia due to insulin resistance is another characteristic of HF diet-induced obesity, 31 and plasma insulin levels were markedly reduced by the consumption of tea Cat and Ex. Some previous reports have shown that high doses of EGCG suppress food intake 32 and increase fecal energy excretion.…”