Initial study of new bio-based epoxy in carbon fiber reinforced composite panel manufactured by vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding

Hafiezal, M. R. M.; Abdan, Khalina; Azaman, M.D.; Abidin, Zurina Zainal; Hanafee, Z.M.

doi:10.1063/1.5002260

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The setup was cured at room temperature for 24 h before the vacuum pump was shut off then the composite panel was retrieved from the setup. This similar setup also was used in previous studies [3,4].…”

Section: Fabrication and Materials Of The Composite Specimenmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thermal and Flammability Characteristics of Blended Jatropha Bio-Epoxy as Matrix in Carbon Fiber–Reinforced Polymer

et al. 2019

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This purpose of this paper was to reveal characteristics of a composite structure containing carbon fiber as a reinforcement and blended synthetic epoxy/bio-epoxy derived from crude jatropha oil as resin and compared with fully synthetic epoxy. The composite structure was prepared by the vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding technique and was left to cure for 24 h at room temperature. Both were characterized for their thermal, chemical, and flammable characteristics. The incorporation of jatropha bio-epoxy into the matrix significantly improved the thermal stability between 288–365 °C as obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) curves showed slight diminution of performances and Tg from DMA tests confirmed well with the trend of Tg obtain by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves. On the other hand, the flammability property was rated horizontal burning (HB) which was the same as the fully synthetic composite, but the duration to self-extinguish was halved for the composite with jatropha bio-epoxy. Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FT-IR/ATR) was conducted to determine the difference of functional groups’ spectrum due to bonding type existing on both specimens. Overall, the composite specimen with blended bio-epoxy exhibited better thermal stability, comparable flammability characteristics, and performances. The aim of this paper was to introduce bio-based epoxy as a potential alternative epoxy and to compete with synthetic epoxy so as to minimize the footprint of non-renewable composite.

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Section: Fabrication and Materials Of The Composite Specimenmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thermal and Flammability Characteristics of Blended Jatropha Bio-Epoxy as Matrix in Carbon Fiber–Reinforced Polymer

et al. 2019

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“…Then, it was used as matrix in laminated fiber carbon composites. Early studies have been conducted, and they showed promising results for further experimental works (Hafiezal et al 2017(Hafiezal et al , 2018(Hafiezal et al , 2019. Thus, the aim of this article was to reveal the characteristics and performance trends of blended epoxidized jatropha oil with synthetic epoxy in certain ranges of blended ratios and its limitations when used as a matrix in laminated composite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of blend composition on characteristics and performance of Jatropha bio-epoxy/epoxy matrix in composites with carbon fiber reinforcement

Hafiezal

Abdan

Abidin

et al. 2020

BioRes

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Characteristics and performances of a blended jatropha bio-epoxy/epoxy as a matrix in carbon fiber reinforcement was studied. The amount of bio-epoxy was arranged from 0 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 40 wt%, and 50 wt% of the total matrix. Several analyses were performed to characterize and observe their performance. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, physical characteristics, flammability, and soil burial were conducted, as well as mechanical tests. The results showed that introducing bio-epoxy in the matrix changed characteristics and increased or decreased their performance. Blending more than 25 wt% of bio-epoxy led to improved thermal stability between 280 °C to 350 °C and better biodegradability. However, tensile and flexural strength as well as modulus of elasticity decreased once the proportion of bio-epoxy was greater than 25 wt%. The paper proposed an optimal amount of jatropha bio-epoxy so that an alternative biocomposite application could be introduced to minimize carbon footprint in the environment.

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Low‐temperature fast curable behavior and properties of bio‐based carbon fiber composites based on resveratrol

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Environmentally friendly materials are an integral part of sustainable chemistry, and bio‐based polymer composites are an important class of materials. The manufacture of composites is expected to reduce or even eliminate the use of adjuvants, considering the importance of reducing energy consumption and avoiding health and environmental risks. In this study, a phenyl‐containing, polyfunctional, bio‐based epoxy resin (TGER) was synthesized, and carbon fiber‐reinforced, bio‐based epoxy resin composites were fabricated by vacuum‐assisted resin infusion using two aromatic amine curing agents, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) and 3,3′‐diethyl‐4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (DEDDM). Curing reactions and rheological behavior studies showed that TGER had higher curing reactivity toward DDM and DEDDM than to diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and possessed good processability. The results indicated that the resveratrol‐based epoxy resin displayed low‐temperature fast curing properties. The evaluation of the mechanical properties of the carbon fiber composites showed that the flexural strengths of CF/TGER/DDM and CF/TGER/DEDDM were 520 and 628 MPa, respectively. The initial decomposition temperature of CF/TGER composites is above 200°C. Furthermore, the carbon fiber–reinforced biopolymers possess excellent heat resistance. Therefore, carbon fiber‐reinforced, resveratrol‐based epoxy resin composites are promising candidates as alternatives to petroleum‐based high‐performance carbon fiber composites.

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Initial study of new bio-based epoxy in carbon fiber reinforced composite panel manufactured by vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Thermal and Flammability Characteristics of Blended Jatropha Bio-Epoxy as Matrix in Carbon Fiber–Reinforced Polymer

Thermal and Flammability Characteristics of Blended Jatropha Bio-Epoxy as Matrix in Carbon Fiber–Reinforced Polymer

Effect of blend composition on characteristics and performance of Jatropha bio-epoxy/epoxy matrix in composites with carbon fiber reinforcement

Low‐temperature fast curable behavior and properties of bio‐based carbon fiber composites based on resveratrol

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