Initial results of the FLARE vicarious calibration network

Russell, Brandon; Scharpf, Daniel; Holt, Jeff; Arnold, Will; Durell, Christopher; Jablonski, Joseph; Conran, David; Schiller, Stephen; Leigh, Larry; Aaron, David; Oliveira, Pedro Valle de Carvalho e

doi:10.1117/12.2566759

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The challenges of ensuring consistent data quality between products at different spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions will require innovative cal/val methods and technologies as well as automated and scalable data flows. The SPARC method represents one such tool, particularly if utilized in an automated and accessible network [45]. A number of studies utilizing the G-SCALE data set are currently in progress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For constellations of numerous sensors, it is necessary to monitor radiometric performance year-round. A winter-suitable method, such as the SPARC technique as employed by the Field Line-of-sight Radiometric Exposure (FLARE) Network [45], would allow for monitoring of sensor performance throughout conditions when it is not viable to deploy the calibration tarps. If the additional calibration system can be tied to the primary system and shown to be stable, then that system can be used with confidence in the off-season for sensor monitoring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a transfer calibration can potentially be applied from the higher resolution GeoEye-1 and WorldView-2 imagery to the Landsat 8 data using larger objects in-scene. It should be noted that two of the automated SPARC targets employed by the FLARE Network are optimized for 10-60 m GSDs [45], and are currently being investigated to directly validate Top of Atmosphere radiance for Landsat 8/9 OLI and Sentinel 2A/B MSI imagery using the SPARC method.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The radiometry of a convex mirror allows tuning for individual sensors and simplifies the optical corrections necessary for derivation of absolute radiance or surface reflectance, in comparison to diffuse reflectance targets [44]. With simultaneous solar radiometric measurements, SPARC can then be used as a cal/val reference for either at-aperture spectral radiance [44,45] or surface reflectance [35]. The sub-pixel point source nature of the mirror lends itself to a direct estimate of the Sampled PSF, the full 2D MTF, ground resolving distances, and various post-processing artifacts.…”

Section: Calibration and Validation Using Specular Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main constraints on suitability for a given pixel size being a uniform low reflectance background with at least four times the desired pixel size in diameter, and sufficient numbers of mirrors and control equipment to produce a suitable radiance level. While the G-SCALE was limited to higher resolution satellites (<2 m pixels), future experiments at the Tait Preserve could accommodate pixels on the order of 10 m. In fact, commercial applications of SPARC currently exist which are capable of targeting pixels between 0.5 m to 60 m [45]. Hypothetically, with proper scoping, facilities, and terrain, a dedicated site could be constructed for even larger pixel sizes on the order of hundreds of meters such as MODIS (250 m).…”

Section: Calibration and Validation Using Specular Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Ground to Space CALibration Experiment (G-SCALE): Simultaneous Validation of UAV, Airborne, and Satellite Imagers for Earth Observation Using Specular Targets

Russell¹,

Soffer

Ientilucci

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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The objective of the Ground to Space CALibration Experiment (G-SCALE) is to demonstrate the use of convex mirrors as a radiometric and spatial calibration and validation technology for Earth Observation assets, operating at multiple altitudes and spatial scales. Specifically, point sources with NIST-traceable absolute radiance signal are evaluated for simultaneous vicarious calibration of multi- and hyperspectral sensors in the VNIR/SWIR range, aboard Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), manned aircraft, and satellite platforms. We introduce the experimental process, field site, instrumentation, and preliminary results of the G-SCALE, providing context for forthcoming papers that will detail the results of intercomparison between sensor technologies and remote sensing applications utilizing the mirror-based calibration approach, which is scalable across a wide range of pixel sizes with appropriate facilities. The experiment was carried out at the Rochester Institute of Technology’s Tait Preserve in Penfield, NY, USA on 23 July 2021. The G-SCALE represents a unique, international collaboration between commercial, academic, and government entities for the purpose of evaluating a novel method to improve vicarious calibration and validation for Earth Observation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calibration and Validation Using Specular Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calibration and Validation Using Specular Targetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Ground to Space CALibration Experiment (G-SCALE): Simultaneous Validation of UAV, Airborne, and Satellite Imagers for Earth Observation Using Specular Targets

Russell¹,

Soffer

Ientilucci

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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Calibration and Validation for the Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) Mission Concept: Recommendations for a Multi‐Sensor System for Imaging Spectroscopy and Thermal Imagery

Turpie,

Casey,

Crawford

et al. 2023

JGR Biogeosciences

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The primary objective of the NASA Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) mission is to measure biological, physical, chemical, and mineralogical features of the Earth’s surface, realizing a key conceptual component of the envisioned NASA Earth System Observatory (ESO). SBG is planned to launch as a two‐platform mission in the late 2020s, the first of the ESO satellites. Targeted science and applications objectives based on observations of the Earth’s surface biology and geology helped to define the mission architecture and instrument capabilities for the SBG mission concept. These objectives further drove the need for enabling change detection and trending of surface biological and geological features. These needs implied fundamental calibration goals to achieve the necessary science data quality characteristics. To meet those goals, calibration and validation pre‐launch and on‐orbit methods formed a basis of the calibration and validation concept, including the combined use of on‐board references, vicarious techniques, and routine lunar imaging. International collaboration with space agencies in other countries, an important feature of the recommended SBG mission architecture, uncovered and emphasized the need for inter‐calibration techniques that underscored the importance of collaborative instrument characterization data sharing and the use of common calibration references that are International System of Units (SI) traceable in pre‐launch and post‐launch on orbit calibration mission phases. International collaboration through the use of terrestrial and aquatic networks on six continents for vicarious calibration and validation activities will further assure necessary science data quality while in orbit.

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The Flare: Network: Autonomous, On-Demand Spatial and Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Imaging Spectroscopy

Russell¹,

Holt²,

Durell³

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS

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Initial results of the FLARE vicarious calibration network

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

The Ground to Space CALibration Experiment (G-SCALE): Simultaneous Validation of UAV, Airborne, and Satellite Imagers for Earth Observation Using Specular Targets

The Ground to Space CALibration Experiment (G-SCALE): Simultaneous Validation of UAV, Airborne, and Satellite Imagers for Earth Observation Using Specular Targets

Calibration and Validation for the Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) Mission Concept: Recommendations for a Multi‐Sensor System for Imaging Spectroscopy and Thermal Imagery

The Flare: Network: Autonomous, On-Demand Spatial and Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Imaging Spectroscopy

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