The Ground to Space CALibration Experiment (G-SCALE): Simultaneous Validation of UAV, Airborne, and Satellite Imagers for Earth Observation Using Specular Targets

Russell, Brandon; Soffer, Raymond; Ientilucci, Emmett J.; Kuester, Michele A.; Conran, David; Arroyo‐Mora, J. Pablo; Ochoa, Tina; Durell, Chris; Holt, Jeff

doi:10.3390/rs15020294

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Imaging point targets (i.e., SPARC) with remote sensing instruments has been in development since 2010 [8,9,15,16] with more recent engineering advances, by Labsphere Inc., to bring an automated calibration service to the satellite community [17][18][19][20][21]. Further advancements have been explored by the Rochester Institute of Technology on the application of point targets for drone-based HSI systems [22,23].…”

Section: Imaging Point Targets: Radiometric and Spatial Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Small Target Radiometric Performance of Drone-Based Hyperspectral Imaging Systems

Conran,

Ientilucci,

Bauch

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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Hyperspectral imaging systems frequently rely on spectral rather than spatial resolving power for identifying objects within a scene. A hyperspectral imaging system’s response to point targets under flight conditions provides a novel technique for extracting system-level radiometric performance that is comparable to spatially unresolved objects.The system-level analysis not only provides a method for verifying radiometric calibration during flight but also allows for the exploration of the impacts on small target radiometry, post orthorectification. Standard Lambertian panels do not provide similar insight due to the insensitivity of orthorectification over a uniform area. In this paper, we utilize a fixed mounted hyperspectral imaging system (radiometrically calibrated) to assess eight individual point targets over 18 drone flight overpasses. Of the 144 total observations, only 18.1% or 26 instances are estimated to be within the uncertainty of the predicted entrance aperture-reaching radiance signal. For completeness, the repeatability of Lambertian and point targets are compared over the 18 overpasses, where the effects of orthorectification drastically impact the radiometric estimate of point targets. The unique characteristic that point targets offer, being both a known spatial and radiometric source, is that they are the only field-deployable method for understanding the small target radiometric performance of drone-based hyperspectral imaging systems.

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Section: Imaging Point Targets: Radiometric and Spatial Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Small Target Radiometric Performance of Drone-Based Hyperspectral Imaging Systems

Conran,

Ientilucci,

Bauch

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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“…In Figure 3, there were 16 similar point targets distributed over two black felt-covered panels (each 1.2 m × 1.2 m in size) with an edge target off to the side for comparison, which will not be discussed in this study. The primary data set used to analyze the FOV-dependent spatial misregistration of the HSI system was conducted at two locations during the Ground to Space Calibration Experiment (G-SCALE) [9]. G-SCALE was a joint campaign with the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Labsphere Inc., MAXAR and the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT).…”

Section: Field Experiments Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper will have a primary focus on using convex mirrors or point targets for spatial characterization. An initial radiometric assessment of point targets for drone-based HS imagery can be found in [9,10]. Spatially, the convex mirrors form a virtual image of the solar disk at the focal plane with a solar-like spectral signature creating a bright, sub-pixel point source.…”

Section: Sparc Target Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Vicarious Technique for Understanding and Diagnosing Hyperspectral Spatial Misregistration

Conran

Ientilucci

2023

Sensors

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Pushbroom hyperspectral imaging (HSI) systems intrinsically measure our surroundings by leveraging 1D spatial imaging, where each pixel contains a unique spectrum of the observed materials. Spatial misregistration is an important property of HSI systems because it defines the spectral integrity of spatial pixels and requires characterization. The IEEE P4001 Standards Association committee has defined laboratory-based methods to test the ultimate limit of HSI systems but negates any impacts from mounting and flying the instruments on airborne platforms such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV’s) or drones. Our study was designed to demonstrate a novel vicarious technique using convex mirrors to bridge the gap between laboratory and field-based HSI performance testing with a focus on extracting hyperspectral spatial misregistration. A fast and simple extraction technique is proposed for estimating the sampled Point Spread Function’s width, along with keystone, as a function of wavelength for understanding the key contributors to hyperspectral spatial misregistration. With the ease of deploying convex mirrors, off-axis spatial misregistration is assessed and compared with on-axis behavior, where the best performance is often observed. In addition, convex mirrors provide an easy methodology to exploit ortho-rectification errors related to fixed pushbroom HSI systems, which we will show. The techniques discussed in this study are not limited to drone-based systems but can be easily applied to other airborne or satellite-based systems.

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“…Nevertheless, collaboration could also be limited by budgets, human resources, and technology gaps, and the relevant research costs could be too high. The gap between developed and developing countries has long been a research focus of scientists [50,[60][61][62]. Compared with on-site, high-cost test ship research, exchanging satellite telemetry data or technology is a relatively straightforward approach to international collaboration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing International Collaboration Indicators in Fisheries Remote Sensing Research to Achieve SDG 14 and 17

Chen,

Yen

2023

Sustainability

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Remote sensing technology significantly contributes to fisheries management and marine ecosystem preservation. The development disparities among countries create gaps that hinder sustainable fisheries and ecosystem protection. Assessing progress and efforts across regions and countries is crucial for sustainable development. Effective measurement methods are used to identify shortcomings, guide academic development, and strengthen partnerships. Tracking and highlighting partnership achievements is challenging due to the difficulties in quantification. The objective of this study is to create indicators for evaluating the community of international academic cooperation. We analyzed and examined the trend in national efforts and international partnerships before and after the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were released in 2015 using bibliometric methods and bibliographic information from the Web of Science (WoS). The results show that tracking the progress and evolution of international collaborations in fisheries remote sensing research can be facilitated by employing quantitative indicators that measure international cooperation among coauthors, institutions, and countries. Additionally, the number of partnerships in each country displays a significant relationship with the country’s level of national development. A comparison of indicators developed by actors with different orientations can be used as a strategic reference for developing partnerships among countries. Academic research in developing countries that rely heavily on fisheries plays a critical role in preserving life below water (SDG 14). The achievement of this SDG can be enhanced through global partnerships (SDG 17).

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The Ground to Space CALibration Experiment (G-SCALE): Simultaneous Validation of UAV, Airborne, and Satellite Imagers for Earth Observation Using Specular Targets

Cited by 7 publications

References 56 publications

Small Target Radiometric Performance of Drone-Based Hyperspectral Imaging Systems

Small Target Radiometric Performance of Drone-Based Hyperspectral Imaging Systems

A Vicarious Technique for Understanding and Diagnosing Hyperspectral Spatial Misregistration

Developing International Collaboration Indicators in Fisheries Remote Sensing Research to Achieve SDG 14 and 17

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