Initial results of population based cervical cancer screening program using HPV testing in one million Turkish women

Abstract

To evaluate the Turkey's nationwide HPV DNA screening program on the basis of first 1 million screened women. Women over age 30 were invited for population based screening via HPV DNA and conventional cytology. Samples were collected by family physicians and the evaluations and reports had been performed in the National Central HPV laboratories. The acceptance rate for HPV based cervical cancer screening after first invitation was nearly 36.5%. Since HPV DNA tests have been implemented, cervical cancer screening rates have shown 4–5‐fold increase in primary level. Through the evaluation of all, HPV positivity was seen in 3.5%. The commonest HPV genotypes were 16, followed by 51, 31, 52 and 18. Among the 37.515 HPV positive cases, cytological abnormality rate was 19.1%. Among HPV positive cases, 16.962 cases had HPV 16 or 18 or other oncogenic HPV types with abnormal cytology (>ASC‐US). These patients were referred to colposcopy. The colposcopy referral rate was 1.6%. Among these, final clinico‐pathological data of 3.499 patients were normal in 1.985 patients, CIN1 in 708, CIN2 in 285, CIN3 in 436 and cancer in 85 patients and only pap‐smear program could miss 45.9% of ≥CIN3 cases. The results of 1 million women including the evaluation of 13 HPV genotypes with respect to prevalence, geographic distribution and abnormal cytology results shows that HPV DNA can be used in primary level settings to have a high coverage rated screening program and is very effective compared to conventional pap‐smear.

HPV‐vaccination and cancer cervical screening in 53 WHO European Countries: An update on prevention programs according to income level

“…The main data source, the GLOBOCAN 2012 website of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), provides access to several databases that allow assessing the impact of CC in 184 Countries or territories …”

Colposcopic biopsy findings among women with either HPV‐16 only or HPV‐18 only who have normal cervical cytology

“…Since January 2014, women in Turkey who are aged 30–65 years have been encouraged to participate in a nationwide HPV DNA screening program . Screening is performed by front‐line healthcare personnel (i.e.…”

“…A brush was used to obtain the first sample, which was then placed onto a glass slide for cytology testing. As detailed previously, the cytology tests were interpreted by four pathologists at a central laboratory . The second sample was obtained using a separate brush and placed into 5 mL of the standard transport medium from the Hybrid Capture 2 collection kit for HPV DNA testing.…”

“…The second sample was obtained using a separate brush and placed into 5 mL of the standard transport medium from the Hybrid Capture 2 collection kit for HPV DNA testing. As previously described, genotyping was carried out using the CLART HPV kit (Genomica, Madrid, Spain) for any patient who had a positive non‐specific HPV test result . The specimens were evaluated at the two central laboratories in Ankara and in Istanbul.…”

Four Circulating Long Non-Coding RNAs Act as Biomarkers for Predicting Cervical Cancer

“…Despite substantial development in understanding the molecular mechanisms and treatment for CC in recent years, the overall 5-year survival rates are not very encouraging [5,6]. The most com-DOI: 10.1159/000487595 mon therapeutic methods for CC are surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy [7][8][9]. However, due to a lack of effective biomarker screening and restricted diagnosis technology, more sensitive and specific markers for diagnosis at early stage and more efficient and safer treatments are urgently needed.…”