Initial oxidation of duplex stainless steel

Donik, Črtomir; Kocijan, Aleksandra; Mandrino, Djordje; Paulin, Irena; Jenko, Monika; Pihlar, Boris

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.03.041

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…[13,14] The XPS depth profiles for these two types of oxide layers are also presented, based on measurements from another study. [18] The concentrations of the components corresponding to different oxidation states were summed for the depth profiles in Fig. 5 to achieve a format comparable with the AES depth profiles in …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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AES of thin oxide layers on a duplex stainless steel surface

Mandrino

Donik

Jenko

2010

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Thin oxide layers were produced by exposing polished and ion-sputtered duplex stainless steel surfaces to ambient conditions for 24 h. Another type of oxide layer was produced in a plasma passivation chamber. These layers were then studied using SEM and high-resolution Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) profiling. The exposure under ambient conditions and the plasma passivation procedure produced broadly similar layers with thicknesses up to several nanometers. A stratified structure was observed for the Fe-oxide/Cr-oxide layers. The results were compared with those obtained in an x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study of the same system. Linear least-squares fitting was used to resolve the partially overlapping O and Cr Auger peaks at 510 and 530 eV, thus improving the accuracy of the AES depth profile.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) can provide high lateral resolution of a surface, it was considered to be of interest to measure the AES profiles of the oxide films formed on the sample surfaces and compare them to the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiles measured in another study. [18] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

AES of thin oxide layers on a duplex stainless steel surface

Mandrino

Donik

Jenko

2010

Surface & Interface Analysis

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“…The oxide layer's structure affects reactivity, adhesion to the surface and therefore the corrosion resistance. There are few analytical studies on oxide layers in nano-scale [10,11]. The previous studies explaining the mechanism of oxidation were based on the oxidation of FeCrNi single crystals [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The previous studies explaining the mechanism of oxidation were based on the oxidation of FeCrNi single crystals [12]. The authors of the article [10] showed that after placement the stainless steel into a pressure chamber containing 99% oxygen at 10 -5 mbar, after 10 minutes an oxide layer 3 nm thick is formed on the surface of steel. Thicker (a few micrometers ) oxide layer has influence on the mechanical parameters of stainless steel in elevated temperatures [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization Of Oxide Layers Produced On The AISI 321 Stainless Steel After Annealing

Bochnowski¹,

Dziedzic²,

Adamiak³

et al. 2015

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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In this study, the structure, chemical composition and topography of oxide layers produced on the surface of the AISI 321 austenitic steel in the annealing process were analyzed. Heat treatment was done at 980°C temperature for 1 hour time in different conditions. The annealing was done in a ceramic furnace in oxidation atmosphere and in vacuum furnaces with cylindrical molybdenum and graphite chambers. The analysis was carried out using the following methods: a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), a transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a secondary ion mass spectrometer with timeof-flight mass analyzer (TOF SIMS) and an atomic force microscope (AFM). The oxide layer formed during annealing of the AISI 321 steel at 980°C consisted of sub-layers, diversified in the chemical composition. The thickness of the oxidized layer is depended on the annealing conditions. In a ceramic furnace in oxidation atmosphere, the thickness of the oxide layer was of 300-500 nm, in a vacuum furnace with molybdenum and graphite heating chambers, it ranged from 40 to 300 nm and from a few to 50 nm, respectively. TOF SIMS method allows to get average (for the surface of 100 μm × 100 μm) depth profiles of concentration of particular elements and elements combined with oxygen. In oxide layers formed in vacuum furnaces there are no iron oxides. Titanium, apart from being bounded with carbon in carbides, is a component of the oxide layer formed on the surface of the AISI 321 steel.Keywords: depth profile, oxide layer, stainless steel, TEM, TOF SIMS W pracy analizowano strukturę, skład chemiczny oraz topografię warstwy tlenków powstałych na powierzchni stali austenitycznej AISI 321 w procesie wyżarzania. Obróbkę cieplną prowadzono w temperaturze 980°C w czasie 1 godziny w zróżnicowanych warunkach. Wyżarzanie prowadzono w piecu ceramicznym w atmosferze powietrza oraz w piecach próżniowych z cylindryczną komorą molibdenową i grafitową. W prowadzonej analizie wykorzystano skaningowy mikroskop elektronowy (SEM) wyposażony w spektrometr promieniowania X (EDX), transmisyjny mikroskop elektronowy (TEM) wyposażony w spektrometr promieniowania X (EDX), dyfraktometr rentgenowski (XRD X-Ray Diffraction), spektrometr mas jonów wtórnych z analizatorem czasu przelotu (TOF SIMS) oraz mikroskop sił atomowych (AFM). Warstwa tlenków powstała w wyniku wyżarzania stali AISI 321 w temperaturze 980°C składała się z podwarstw różniących się składem chemicznym. O grubości warstwy utlenionej w decydowały warunki wyżarzania. W piecu ceramicznym z atmosferą powietrza grubość warstwy tlenków wynosiła 300-500 μm, w piecu próżniowym z grafitową i molibdenową komorą grzejną grubości wynosiły odpowiednio od 40 nm do 300 nm oraz kilka nm do 50 nm.Badania TOF SIMS pozwalają otrzymać uśrednione profile koncentracji pierwiastków metalicznych oraz profile koncentracji pierwiastków metalicznych będących w kontakcie z tlenem. W wa...

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“…The corrosion resistance originates from a Cr-rich oxide layer, which works as a barrier against ion diffusion between the alloy and the ambient phase. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Custom steel grades are designed for specific applications by optimizing their properties using specific alloy compositions. The alloy selected for this study was a 22 wt pct Cr, 5 to 6 wt pct Ni, 3 wt pct Mo, 2 wt pct manganese, and N-alloyed duplex stainless steel (DSS 2205 also known as W.Nr.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Depth Profiling of Electrochemically Prepared Thin Oxide Layers on Duplex Stainless Steel

Donik

Kocijan

Mandrino

et al. 2011

Metall Mater Trans B

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The surface oxidation of duplex stainless steel (DSS 2205) was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The experiments were performed on the alloy after controlled oxidation in a chloride-enriched solution at controlled potentials. The evolution of the passive film formed on the DSS in a chloride solution was studied using cyclic voltammetry with XPS surface characterization at selected potentials. The evolution of the oxide films and its specific compositions formed on the DSS was studied as a function of depth. Fe/Cr oxidized layers and oxide thicknesses were observed and correlated with the various potentiostatic potentials. The importance of Mo and Cr inside the oxide films in this article is studied and described, whereas their role in the protective layer, as oxides, is significant.

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Initial oxidation of duplex stainless steel

Cited by 37 publications

References 47 publications

AES of thin oxide layers on a duplex stainless steel surface

AES of thin oxide layers on a duplex stainless steel surface

Characterization Of Oxide Layers Produced On The AISI 321 Stainless Steel After Annealing

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Depth Profiling of Electrochemically Prepared Thin Oxide Layers on Duplex Stainless Steel

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