Initial combination therapy for primary open-angle glaucoma

Al, Onishchenko; In, Isakov; Av, Kolbasko; Si, Makogon

doi:10.17116/oftalma201913502132

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…According to the FDA, topical betaxolol is indicated for patients with ocular hypertension and chronic open-angle glaucoma. The FDA has approved its use to treat essential hypertension in its systemic form 31 . The bioavailability of betaxolol after oral administration ranges from 80 to 89% and is unaffected by the presence of food in the gut.…”

Section: Betaxololmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beta-Adrenergic Blockers’ Supportive and Adverse Role in Hypertension: A Review of Three Generations

2022

PJMD

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Hypertension causes significant mortality and morbidity around the world. The β-adrenergic blockers are one of the most commonly prescribed hypertension medications. Several β-adrenergic blockers with different pharmacological qualities have been developed, which may be grouped into three generations based on the differences in pharmacological properties. In this narrative review, we addressed evidence-based literature about the role of various types of β-blockers and related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in hypertension. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE are used for articles search. The title was examined first, followed by the abstract, and then the entire study. We concluded that the first-generation β-blockers are non-selective and used as antihypertensive however, not recommended for diabetic, asthmatic, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. The second-generation β-blockers are β1 receptor-selective which are the effective pharmacological option for the treatment of hypertension, with a lower risk of adverse effects associated with antagonism of β2-receptor. Third-generation β-blockers showed improved effects on patients as compared to the previous two generations. This class of β-blockers (labetalol, carvedilol, and nebivolol) has vasodilatory abilities and has an extra beneficial influence with fewer ADRs. However, the effectiveness and benefit of β-blockers as first‐line therapy for hypertension is still controversial. As a result, further accurate screenings, as well as large randomized control clinical trials (RCTs), are needed to investigate the role of all β-blockers in hypertension. Keywords: Hypertension; Beta-Adrenergic Blockers; Blood Pressure; Literature Review.

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Section: Betaxololmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is converted primarily into inactive metabolites and excreted through urine; however, some unaltered drug (about 15% of a dose) is also excreted. It has a long half-life (14 to 22 hours), which is prolonged by severe renal impairment but not by hepatic failure 31 .…”

Section: Betaxololmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers’ Supportive and Adverse Role in Hypertension: A Review of Three Generations

2022

PJMD

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Chitosan/carbomer nanoparticles- laden in situ gel for improved ocular delivery of timolol: in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo study

Rahbar,

Darvish,

Farrahi

et al. 2024

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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Fundamentals of a personalized approach at different stages of newly diagnosed glaucoma

Zubasheva,

Chernyakova,

Baryshnikova

et al. 2024

Rossijskij oftalʹmologičeskij žurnal

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The review is focused on the adherence of glaucoma patients to the immediate start of treatment after the condition has been diagnosed. A personalized strategy, which includes the assessment of the patient's clinical and socio-economic status and the use of medications with proven efficacy, contributes to the formation of long-term adherence to therapy. In particular, the strategy combines preventive and diagnostic measures depending on the patient’s individual characteristics and involves their direct participation. Over 250 risk factors are known to reduce a patient’s adherence to treatment, whereas insufficient adherence can itself be considered as a risk factor for glaucoma progression. The asymptomatic course of the disease or the lack of a noticeable effect of drops instilled often cause the regimen to be violated, whilst the long-term therapy requires determination and self-control of the patient. Combined measures to improve the adherence are based on the specific needs of the patients and are consistent with their lifestyle. As a rule, the patients need special instruction, good means of communication with the doctor, simplified treatment regimens, and an adequate interaction with the public health facilities. Importantly, the therapy start depends not only on the level of intraocular pressure, but also on the stage of the glaucomatous process at which it was first diagnosed.

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Initial combination therapy for primary open-angle glaucoma

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers’ Supportive and Adverse Role in Hypertension: A Review of Three Generations

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers’ Supportive and Adverse Role in Hypertension: A Review of Three Generations

Chitosan/carbomer nanoparticles- laden in situ gel for improved ocular delivery of timolol: in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo study

Fundamentals of a personalized approach at different stages of newly diagnosed glaucoma

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