Inhibitory potential of ginger extracts against enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes, inflammation and induced oxidative stress

Abstract

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) continues to be used as an important cooking spice and herbal medicine around the world. Gingerols, the major pungent components of ginger, are known to improve diabetes, including the effect of enhancement against insulin sensitivity. In the current study, ginger sequentially extracted with different solvents-namely, hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, 70% methanol-water and water-were screened to determine the variations in phenolic-linked active constituents. The potential of these extracts to inhibit key enzymes relevant to type 2 diabetes and inflammation was studied. Phenolic compounds-namely, gingerols and shoagols-were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Ethyl acetate extract showed higher activity compared with other extracts. These studies indicate that ginger has very good potential for α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition relevant for type 2 diabetes management and cyclooxygenase inhibition for inflammation.

Herbal Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Chemistry, Biology, and Potential Application of Selected Plants and Compounds

“…Compelling data show that ginger extract has hypoglycemic, insulinotropic, and sensitizer effects on healthy humans and on experimental animals [103, 183–185]. More recently, Li and colleagues reported that ginger extract enhanced insulin release and reduced insulin resistance [103].…”

Preventive and Protective Properties ofZingiber officinale(Ginger) in Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Complications, and Associated Lipid and Other Metabolic Disorders: A Brief Review

“…No effects were observed in other extracts. The action of ginger against these two enzymes was found to be correlated with the phenolic contents of gingerol and shogaol in these extracts [30]. However, an aqueous extract of Jamaican ginger showed only a slight inhibitory effect on α -glucosidase but not α -amylase.…”

Ginger extracts influence the expression of IL-27 and IL-33 in the central nervous system in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and ameliorates the clinical symptoms of disease

“…Ginger extract or its pungent constituents, including gingerol and shogaol, are also reported to have antiinflammatory activities in experimental animal models (Lee et al, 2012). The anti-inflammatory effects of ginger and its components have been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes (Priya Rani et al, 2011), osteoarthritis (Drozdov et al, 2012), rheumatoid arthritis (Ramadan and El-Menshawy, 2013), acute respiratory distress syndrome (Vahdat Shariatpanahi et al, 2013), primary dysmenorrheal (Rahnama et al, 2012) and also in experimental models of airway inflammation (Kuo et al, 2011), ulcerative colitis (El-Abhar et al, 2008, neuroinflammation (Ha et al, 2012) and gastric ulcers (Wang et al, 2011).…”