Inhibitory mechanisms involved in Stroop-matching and stop-signal tasks and the role of impulsivity

Portugal, Anna Carolina A.; Junior, A. Afonso; Caldas, Ariane Leão; Maturana, Wayson; Mocaiber, Izabela; Machado-Pinheiro, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2018.10.003

Cited by 14 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…trials differed from neutral and/or congruent ones, indicating that response inhibition was influenced by the distracting information of the primary task; a pattern of results that was supported in other studies (e.g., Chambers et al, 2007;Ridderinkhof et al, 1999). Portugal et al (2018) combined stop-signal with a version of the Stroop task that involved different sources of interference, the Stroopmatching task (see also Afonso et al, 2020;Dittrich & Stahl, 2017). Participants were instructed to compare the Stroop-word (while ignoring its color) with two lateralized colored bars and choose the bar that matched the Stroopword.…”

Section: Both Studies Found That Ssrts Of Incongruentsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The current study extends the results of Portugal et al (2018) using a broader range of SSDs, which allows a more detailed investigation to the assumptions of the horse-race model. Specifically, by including a broader range of intervals, we investigated inhibition performance in a primary task comprised of different levels of interference.…”

Section: Both Studies Found That Ssrts Of Incongruentmentioning

confidence: 57%

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Response inhibition in a new “Stroop-matching/stop-signal” protocol corroborates the assumptions predicted by the horse-race model.

Afonso¹,

Portugal²,

Caldas³

et al. 2021

Psychology & Neuroscience

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Inhibition is a broad construct referring to a set of functions responsible for suppressing stimuli or responses to prioritize more relevant ones. Several paradigms were used to assess different types of inhibition, such as the stop-signal and Stroop-like tasks. The horse-race model is the main theorical model that supports the stop-signal paradigm, which postulates that response inhibition depends on a competition between the processes involved in the emission and inhibition of a motor response. We investigated the assumptions of the horse-race model using a novel primary-task with different levels of difficulty (the Stroop-matching task) to understand how the stop-signal task performance varied according to the demands imposed by the different Stroop conditions. ANOVAs and planned comparisons revealed that the motor inhibition, assessed by inhibition rates and the inhibition-errors rates were influenced by the primary task reaction times (RTs) obtained in the different Stroop conditions. These results confirm that the primary task demand is a major factor that influences response execution/ inhibition in a stop-signal protocol. Moreover, they corroborate the horse-race model even under this new approach in which the primary task was not represented by a simple detection task, but instead required interference control. Altogether, our data indicate the potential use of our "Stroop/Stop" protocol to investigate the interaction between different inhibitory processes involved in each task and elucidate the relationship between different types of inhibition.

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Section: Both Studies Found That Ssrts Of Incongruentsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Both Studies Found That Ssrts Of Incongruentmentioning

confidence: 57%

Response inhibition in a new “Stroop-matching/stop-signal” protocol corroborates the assumptions predicted by the horse-race model.

Afonso¹,

Portugal²,

Caldas³

et al. 2021

Psychology & Neuroscience

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The present study also suggests that those with less motivation to perform during sleep loss will be more likely to demonstrate poor inhibitory control, which may lead to more impulsive decision making. 87 Furthermore, our results suggest that those who have preserved subjective alertness or report greater effort during sleep restriction still demonstrate attention deficits, which impair daily functioning. 1 Millions of adults therefore may be susceptible to impaired performance resulting from insufficient sleep, particularly those experiencing reduced subjective motivation and/or elevated effort after sleep loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Changes in Subjective Motivation and Effort During Sleep Restriction Moderate Interindividual Differences in Attentional Performance in Healthy Young Men

Mathew

Strayer

Bailey

et al. 2021

NSS

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The effects of sleep restriction on subjective alertness, motivation, and effort vary among individuals and may explain interindividual differences in attention during sleep restriction. We investigated whether individuals with a greater decrease in subjective alertness or motivation, or a greater increase in subjective effort (versus other participants), demonstrated poorer attention when sleep restricted. Participants and Methods: Fifteen healthy men (M±SD, 22.3±2.8 years) completed a study with three nights of 10-hour time in bed (baseline), five nights of 5-hour time in bed (sleep restriction), and two nights of 10-hour time in bed (recovery). Participants completed a 10-minute psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) of sustained attention and rated alertness, motivation, and effort every two hours during wake (range: 3-9 administrations on a given day). Analyses examined performance across the study (first two days excluded) moderated by per-participant change in subjective alertness, motivation, or effort from baseline to sleep restriction. For significant interactions, we investigated the effect of study day 2 (day*day) on the outcome at low (mean−1 SD) and high (mean+1 SD) levels of the moderator (N = 15, all analyses). Results: False starts increased across sleep restriction in participants who reported lower (mean−1 SD) but not preserved (mean+1 SD) motivation during sleep restriction. Lapses increased across sleep restriction regardless of change in subjective motivation, with a more pronounced increase in participants who reported lower versus preserved motivation. Lapses increased across sleep restriction in participants who reported higher (mean+1 SD) but not preserved (mean−1 SD) effort during sleep restriction. Change in subjective alertness did not moderate the effects of sleep restriction on attention. Conclusion: Vigilance declines during sleep restriction regardless of change in subjective alertness or motivation, but individuals with reduced motivation exhibit poorer inhibition. Individuals with preserved subjective alertness still perform poorly during sleep restriction, while those reporting additional effort demonstrate impaired vigilance.

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“…Stroop is one of the most widely used neurocognitive tasks [63,67] and as a tool to assess the efficiency of inhibition mechanisms and explore the relationship between inhibition and impulsivity [72]. Individuals with substance use disorders have lower baseline metabolic activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which is associated with impaired cognitive function in decisionmaking and inhibitory control [4,11].…”

Section: Stroop Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive effectiveness of high-intensity interval training for individuals with methamphetamine dependence: a study protocol for randomised controlled trial

Shen

Yang

Wang

et al. 2021

Trials

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Introduction Cognitive deficit is a common syndrome of methamphetamine (MA) dependence. It is related to decision-making, control ability, and social functioning. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a training technique that requires people to work out at full intensity during a short period. Many studies have already shown the potential effects of HIIT on cognitive functions. The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the cognitive effects of HIIT on individuals with MA dependence. Methods and analysis A total of 240 individuals with MA dependence will be randomly assigned to the HIIT group, moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) group and control (CON) group. HIIT will consist of a 24-min HIIT exercise on a treadmill. MICT will consist of a 1-h body–mind exercise. CON will be their traditional intervention. The experimental period will be 12 months with 3 interventions weekly for the first 6 months and follow-up for the next 6 months. All subjects will be given cognitive tests at baseline, after intervention and at follow-up. Cognitive performances will be compared by a mixed-model analysis for repeated measures. Discussion HIIT training may reduce illicit drug cravings amongst individuals with MA dependence; hence, HIIT may have a good effect on the cognitive functions, such as memory and executive function, of individuals with MA dependence. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000032492. Registered on April 30, 2020 (http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=52127&htm=4)

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Inhibitory mechanisms involved in Stroop-matching and stop-signal tasks and the role of impulsivity

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

Response inhibition in a new “Stroop-matching/stop-signal” protocol corroborates the assumptions predicted by the horse-race model.

Response inhibition in a new “Stroop-matching/stop-signal” protocol corroborates the assumptions predicted by the horse-race model.

Changes in Subjective Motivation and Effort During Sleep Restriction Moderate Interindividual Differences in Attentional Performance in Healthy Young Men

Cognitive effectiveness of high-intensity interval training for individuals with methamphetamine dependence: a study protocol for randomised controlled trial

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