Inhibitory effects of thymol on the cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses induced by Staphylococcus aureus extracellular vesicles in cultured keratinocytes

Kwon, Hyo Il; Jeong, Na Hee; Kim, Se Yeon; Kim, Mi‐Hyun; Son, Joo Hee; Jun, So Hyun; Kim, Shukho; Jeon, Hyejin; Kang, Sun Chul; Kim, Sang Hyun; Lee, Je Chul

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103603

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For instance, thymol is reported to protect the heart against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction and cardiac hypertrophy via anti-apoptotic effect [43]. In addition, elemol, β-elemene, terpinolene, βcaryophyllene, and thymol, which represented more than 33% of the total essential oil, are known to suppress several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 [44][45][46][47][48]. In addition, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-8, and IL-12 was inhibited by elemol, thymol, and β-elemene, respectively [49][50][51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cymbopogon Proximus Essential Oil Protects Rats against Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis

et al. 2020

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Cymbopogon proximus (Halfabar), a wild plant that is usually used in folk medicine due to its diuretic and antispasmodic effects, was shown to exhibit several cardiovascular protective actions such as antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, and antinflammatory effects. However, no reports are available regarding the investigation of the role of Cymbopogon proximus essential oil on cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, the goals of the present study were to find whether Cymbopogon proximus could alleviate isoproterenol induced‐cardiac hypertrophy and to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. For this purpose, male albino rats were treated daily with either Cymbopogon proximus essential oil (800 μl/kg/day, ip), isoproterenol (5 mg/kg/day, ip), or the combination of both. Oil administration was started four days prior to isoproterenol administration and continued concurrently thereafter for another three days. All animal groups were euthanized 24 hours after the last dose of treatment. Thereafter, the hearts were harvested and heart weight to body weight (HW:BW) ratios were measured and sections of hearts were stained with Masson's trichrome and H&E to assess cardiac fibrosis and morphology. Our results showed that isoproterenol alone resulted in a significant increase in HW:BW ratio and marked myocardial fibrosis in treated rats. On the other hand, treatment with Cymbopogon proximus essential oil significantly reduced the isoproterenol‐mediated increase in HW:BW ratio by 55%. However, oil treatment did not affect isoproterenol mediated‐increase in myocardial fibrosis. Conclusion Cymbopogon proximus essential oil partly protects against isoproterenol‐induced cardiac hypertrophy with no effect on cardiac fibrosis. These findings provide support for the promising therapeutic effects of Cymbopogon proximus on cardiac diseases. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cymbopogon Proximus Essential Oil Protects Rats against Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis

et al. 2020

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“…Thymol (Figure 1), belonging to the monoterpene phenol compound, can be extracted from the Lamiaceae family plants, such as the genera Thymus, Ocimum, Origanum, Satureja, Thymbra, and Monarda [13]. Thymol exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-cancerous, and anti-inflammatory, and has been widely used in medicine [14]. In this study, we found that thymol could significantly reduce the expression of aerolysin and the formation of biofilm of A. hydrophila at sub-inhibitory concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymol Protects Channel Catfish from Aeromonas hydrophila Infection by Inhibiting Aerolysin Expression and Biofilm Formation

et al. 2020

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Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for a number of diseases in freshwater farming. Moreover, the bacterium has been identified as a zoonotic pathogen that threatens human health. Antibiotics are widely used for treatments of infectious diseases in aquaculture. However, the abuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains. Thus, novel strategies are required against resistant A. hydrophila strains. The quorum sensing (QS) system, involved in virulence factor production and biofilm formation, is a promising target in identifying novel drugs against A. hydrophila infections. In this study, we found that thymol, at sub-inhibitory concentrations, could significantly reduce the production of aerolysin and biofilm formation by inhibiting the transcription of genes aerA, ahyI, and ahyR. These results indicate that thymol inhibits the quorum sensing system. The protective effects of thymol against A. hydrophila mediated cell injury were determined by live/dead assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Moreover, the in vivo study showed that thymol could significantly decrease the mortality of channel catfish infected with A. hydrophila. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that thymol could be chosen as a phytotherapeutic candidate for inhibiting quorum sensing system-mediated aerolysin production and biofilm formation in A. hydrophila.

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“…Again, whole and lysed EVs derived from strain 03ST17 were both cytotoxic and proinflammatory, however, these properties were more intense when EVs were intact [38,62]. Nevertheless, in some cases, EV integrity does not influence their cytotoxic properties, as it is the case of S. aureus M060 EVs, that in both intact and disrupted states had the same cytotoxicity levels towards HaCaT cells [65]. These results highlight that EVs' integrity is essential and can lead to different outcomes depending on the mode of action of the effector molecules and the mechanism of EV cargo delivery.…”

Section: S Aureus-evs Delivery To Host Cells 51 S Aureus-evs Integmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Other studies confirmed this role of EVs. For instance, disrupted EVs produced by S. aureus ATCC 25923 strain were shown to be four times less cytotoxic than intact EVs [65]. Again, whole and lysed EVs derived from strain 03ST17 were both cytotoxic and proinflammatory, however, these properties were more intense when EVs were intact [38,62].…”

Section: S Aureus-evs Delivery To Host Cells 51 S Aureus-evs Integmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Immunomodulation in vitro and in vivo (e.g., ↑ IL-6, INF-γ, MIP-1α, eotaxin) [37] Immunomodulation in vitro and in vivo (e.g., ↑ IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, INF-γ) [35] Induce skin inflammation in mice [30,37] Promote lung inflammation in mice [35] Protective against lung infections [42] Transfer of resistance to β-lactams [32] ATCC 25923 Cytotoxic to host cells (HaCaT) [65] Immunomodulation in vitro (↑ IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, and MCP-1)…”

Section: St93mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in Staphylococcus aureus Resistance and Virulence

Luz¹,

Azevedo²,

Loir³

et al. 2021

Infectious Diseases

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Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen of great importance to clinical and veterinary medicine. Recently, there has been a growing interest in S. aureus extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the pathogenesis of this bacterium. Released by living cells into the extracellular milieu, EVs are membranous structures carrying macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites. These structures play several physiological roles and are, among others, considered a mechanism of intercellular communication within S. aureus populations but also in trans kingdom interactions. S. aureus EVs were shown to transport important bacterial survival and virulence factors, such as β-lactamases, toxins, and proteins associated with bacterial adherence to host cells, and to trigger the production of cytokines and promote tissue inflammation. In this chapter, we will review the main studies regarding S. aureus EVs, including their composition and roles in host-pathogen interactions, and the possible applications of EVs for vaccines and therapy development against staphylococcal infections.

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Inhibitory effects of thymol on the cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses induced by Staphylococcus aureus extracellular vesicles in cultured keratinocytes

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Cymbopogon Proximus Essential Oil Protects Rats against Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis

Cymbopogon Proximus Essential Oil Protects Rats against Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis

Thymol Protects Channel Catfish from Aeromonas hydrophila Infection by Inhibiting Aerolysin Expression and Biofilm Formation

Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in Staphylococcus aureus Resistance and Virulence

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