Inhibitory effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on food intake in the goldfish, Carassius auratus

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide and Its Receptors: 20 Years after the Discovery

“…Intracerebroventricular injection of PACAP decreases food intake in mouse (Morley et al, 1992), rat (Mizuno et al, 1998), chick (Tachibana et al, 2003), and goldfish (Matsuda et al, 2005a). In mouse, the anorexigenic action of PACAP is mediated through the melacortinergic system (Mounien et al, 2009).…”

Neuroendocrine regulation of somatic growth in fishes

“…Knock-down of PACAP in embryos causes morphological defects in specific brain regions without affecting GH expression patterns during zebrafish adenohypophysis development [61]. Additionally, PACAP is involved in the neuroendocrine control of food intake and acts as an anorexigenic peptide to regulate satiety in fish [62]. PACAP is distributed in a range of tissues in mammals and is involved in the regulation of gut motility, airway dilation, immune response, steroid production, and insulin secretion [55].…”

PACAP Neurons in the Hypothalamic Ventromedial Nucleus Are Targets of Central Leptin Signaling

“…Numerous studies have reported on the anorexigenic effects of PACAP in vivo (Morley et al, 1992;Mizuno et al, 1998;Tachibana et al, 2003;Matsuda et al, 2005;Mounien et al, 2009), but it has not yet been established if these effects are physiologically relevant. PACAP has been implicated in a number of centrally mediated functions, including circadian entrainment to light, neuronal development and protection, and the stress response to infection (for review, see Vaudry et al, 2000), hence reduced food intake may be secondary to any of these responses.…”