Inhibitory effects of olive oil phenolics on invasion in human colon adenocarcinoma cells in vitro

Abstract

Studies in human, animal and cellular systems suggest that phenols from virgin olive oil are capable of inhibiting several stages in carcinogenesis, including metastasis. The invasion cascade comprises cell attachment to extracellular matrix components or basement membrane, degradation of basement membrane by proteolytic enzymes and migration of cells through the modified matrix. In the present study, we investigated the effect of phenolics extracted from virgin olive oil (OVP) and its main constituents: hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol), tyrosol (p-hydroxyphenylethanol), pinoresinol and caffeic acid. The effects of these phenolics were tested on the invasion of HT115 human colon carcinoma cells in a Matrigel invasion assay. OVP and its compounds showed different dose-related anti-invasive effects. At 25 lg/ml OVP and equivalent doses of individual compounds, significant anti-invasive effects were seen in the range of 45-55% of control. Importantly, OVP, but not the isolated phenolics, significantly reduced total cell number in the Matrigel invasion assay. There were no significant effects shown on cell viability, indicating the reduction of cell number in the Matrigel invasion assay was not due to cytotoxicity. There were also no significant effects on cell attachment to plastic substrate, indicating the importance of extracellular matrix in modulating the anti-invasive effects of OVP. In conclusion, the results from this study indicate that phenols from virgin olive oil have the ability to inhibit invasion of colon cancer cells and the effects may be mediated at different levels of the invasion cascade. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: olive oil phenolics; colorectal cancer; invasion; adhesion; extracellular matrix In 2002, world cancer statistics for new colorectal cancer (CRC) cases were estimated to be more than 1 million, with more than 500,000 mortality cases. 1 Surgical resection is an effective treatment for localized disease, achieving a 5-year survival rate of 90%, but other normal treatments for metastatic disease remain ineffective. 2 Mediterranean countries have lower rates of CRC than other Western countries. 3 This has been attributed to a number of factors, one of which is consumption of olive oil. 3,4 Recently, olive oil phenolics have been shown to exert anticancer effects in a number of studies (reviewed in Refs. 5 and 6). Our previous study demonstrated that olive oil phenolics have the ability to inhibit initiation, promotion and invasion events in in vitro models of carcinogenesis. 7 Metastasis can be considered as a cascade of interrelated sequential steps. Cells must be able to disseminate from the primary tumor, invade the surrounding tissue, enter the circulatory system, evade immune responses, arrest at and colonize a distant site. 8 A 3-step hypothesis has been proposed to describe invasion of tumor cells: attachment to basement membrane or extracellular matrices (ECM), protease activity that induces local degradation of the matrix, and migration of tumor cells through the...

Labeled extra virgin olive oil as food supplement; phenolic compounds in oils from some autochthonous Croatian olives

“…More recent studies and reviews, for example, by Oliveras-Lopez et al (2014), Garcia-Martinez et al (2014a, 2014b, Estruch et al (2013), Sofi et al (2010) and Fung et al (2009) fit the same general picture presented by Keys (1970) and Martinez-Gonzales et al (2002) and López-Miranda et al (2010) or Lipworth et al (1997). The phenolic compounds, naturally present in EVOO-s are deemed to be of central importance for these beneficial cardiovascular, according to Estruch et al (2013), Fung et al (2009), Valls et al (2015), antiatherogenic/antiinflammatory, Scoditti et al (2014), Lu et al (2013), Cabrerizo et al (2013), anticancer, Hashim et al (2008), Lamy et al (2014), Hashim et al (2014), antioxidant and antimicrobial effects Cicerale et al (2012), Karaosmanoglu et al (2010), Paiva-Martins et al (2013), Giordano et al (2014).…”

Oleuropein Induced Apoptosis in HeLa Cells via a Mitochondrial Apoptotic Cascade Associated With Activation of the c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase

“…Indeed, olive phenols such as oleuropein possess several positive functions for human health, including having antioxidant (3), antiinflammatory (4), antimicrobial (5, 6), antiviral (7,8), and neuroprotective activity (9). Additionally, Olea europaea extract inhibits proliferation in a variety of cancer cell lines, such as human colon adenocarcinoma cells Caco-2 (10), human glioblastoma cells T98G (11), melanoma cells B16 (12), human lymphoblastic cell line Jurkat (13), human adenocarcinoma cells HT115 (14), human fetal lung cells MRC-5 (14), and human leukemia cells HL-60 (15). Notably, recent studies have shown that oleuropein inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells MCF-7 (16), prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, DU145 (17) and human lung carcinoma A549 cells (18).…”

Metabolic profiling of ripe olive fruit in response to moderate water stress

“…Water availability affects the general development and the composition of olive fruits inducing slight changes in the taste of the resulting oil (d 'Andria et al, 2009;Gomez-Rico et al, 2009;Martinelli et al, 2012a,b). Particular attention has been given to the changes in nutraceuticals such as phenols, which are present as a complex mixture in both olive fruits and oil (Patumi et al, 2002;d'Andria et al, 2004;Gomez-Rico et al, 2007;Martinelli and Tonutti, 2012) and characterized by antioxidant, anti-atherogenic, anti-cancerogenic properties (Hashim et al, 2008;Llorente-Cortes et al, 2010). Although the phenolic content in olives may differ by genotype, olive fruits harvested from irrigated trees in general show lower accumulation of total phenols (Tovar et al, 2001;Marsilio et al, 2006;Martinelli et al, 2012a,b).…”