Inhibitory Effects of Mediterranean Sponge Extracts and Metabolites on Larval Settlement of the Barnacle Balanus amphitrite

Abstract

One of the most promising alternative technologies to antifouling paints based on heavy metals is the development of coatings whose active ingredients are compounds naturally occurring in marine organisms. This approach is based on the problem of epibiosis faced by all marine organisms and the fact that a great number of them cope with it successfully. The present study investigated the antifouling activity of a series of extracts and secondary metabolites from the epibiont-free Mediterranean sponges Ircinia oros, I. spinosula, Cacospongia scalaris, Dysidea sp., and Hippospongia communis. Antifouling efficacy was evaluated by the settlement inhibition of laboratory-reared Balanus amphitrite Darwin cyprids. The most promising activity was exhibited by the metabolites 2-[24-acetoxy]-octaprenyl-1-4-hydroquinone (8a), dihydrofurospongin II (10), and the alcoholic extract of Dysidea sp.

Evaluation of the Activity of the Sponge Metabolites Avarol and Avarone and their Synthetic Derivatives Against Fouling Micro- and Macroorganisms

“…In continuation of our studies towards the discovery of natural products that are effective against marine biofouling [14,15], we investigated barnacle settlement inhibition and marine bacterial growth inhibition with the sponge metabolites avarol (1), avarone (2) and the synthetic derivatives 3-8. Barnacles were selected as test organisms because they are one of the most significant forms of animal fouling [14].…”

“…Barnacles were selected as test organisms because they are one of the most significant forms of animal fouling [14]. We also assayed the same set of compounds on fouling bacteria since it is widely accepted that biofilm formation is problematic on even the most effective antifouling and foul-release coatings [16].…”

Isolation and Structural Determination of the Antifouling Diketopiperazines from Marine-Derived <i>Streptomyces praecox</i> 291-11

“…Although many natural marine compounds with antifouling activity isolated from seaweeds [43][44][45][46] and invertebrates [47][48][49][50] have been reported, culturable marine microbes can be a good source for discovering antifouling compounds due to their relatively easy supply. Studying the optimal culture conditions will be valuable in future investigations.…”

Anti-Biofouling Defence Mechanism of Basibionts (A Chemical Warfare) - A Critical Review

“…Dendronephthya spp, a Cnidarian, was also reported to contain horamine (N-methyl-4-picolinic acid) that significantly inhibited growth of the co-occurring benthic diatom Navicula salinicola [30,33]. The antifouling activity of a series of extracts and secondary metabolites, such as bromopyrrole or diterpene alkaloids, from the epibiont-free Mediterranean sponges, Irciniaoros spinosula, Cacospongia scalaris, Dysidea sp., and Hippospongia communis was investigated by Hellio et al [53]. A number of the tested metabolites had anti-settlement activity when tested against barnacle, Balanus amphtirite, cyprids.…”