Inhibitory Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Interleukin-6 Bioactivity.

Kang, Bo-Seong; Chung, Eun Yong; Yun, Yeo-Pyo; Lee, Myung Koo; Lee, Yong Rok; Lee, Ki-Sung; Min, Kyung Rak; Kim, Youngsoo

doi:10.1248/bpb.24.701

Cited by 44 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Based on experimental studies, corticosteroids have been shown to control gene expression of inflammatory mediators. This regulation influences the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inhibits pro-inflammatory genes such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α ) and other inflammatory chemokines, and induces the expression of anti-inflammatory factors such as pigment-derived growth factor (PEDF) [2–4]. Additionally, steroids seem to reduce the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and to downregulate intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on choroidal endothelial cells [5–11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravitreal Steroids for the Treatment of Retinal Diseases

Sarao

Veritti

Boscia

et al. 2014

The Scientific World Journal

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Diabetic macular edema (DME), pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (CME), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal vascular occlusion (RVO), and uveitis are ocular conditions related to severe visual impairment worldwide. Corticosteroids have been widely used in the treatment of these retinal diseases, due to their well-known antiangiogenic, antiedematous, and anti-inflammatory properties. Intravitreal steroids have emerged as novel and essential tools in the ophthalmologist's armamentarium, allowing for maximization of drug efficacy and limited risk of systemic side effects. Recent advances in ocular drug delivery methods led to the development of intraocular implants, which help to provide prolonged treatment with controlled drug release. Moreover, they may add some potential advantages over traditional intraocular injections by delivering certain rates of drug directly to the site of action, amplifying the drug's half-life, contributing in the minimization of peak plasma levels of the drug, and avoiding the side effects associated with repeated intravitreal injections. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the use of intravitreal steroids as a treatment option for a variety of retinal diseases and to review the current literature considering their properties, safety, and adverse events.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravitreal Steroids for the Treatment of Retinal Diseases

Sarao

Veritti

Boscia

et al. 2014

The Scientific World Journal

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“…IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine acting in various cells. It induces the differentiation of β cells to antibody-producing plasma cells, T cell growth and differentiation, the differentiation of myeloid leukemic cell lines into macrophages, megakaryocyte maturation, and the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells development (25,26). BUD is reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity via the inhibition of inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Budesonide Microparticles Using Spray-Drying Technology for Pulmonary Administration: Design, Characterization, In Vitro Evaluation, and In Vivo Efficacy Study

et al. 2009

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Abstract. The purpose of this research was to generate, characterize, and investigate the in vivo efficacy of budesonide (BUD) microparticles prepared by spray-drying technology with a potential application as carriers for pulmonary administration with sustained-release profile and improved respirable fraction. Microspheres and porous particles of chitosan (drug/chitosan, 1:2) were prepared by spray drying using optimized process parameters and were characterized for different physicochemical parameters. Mass median aerodynamic diameter and geometric standard deviation for conventional, microspheres, and porous particles formulations were 2.75, 4.60, and 4.30 µm and 2.56, 1.75, and 2.54, respectively. Pharmacokinetic study was performed in rats by intratracheal administration of either placebo or developed dry powder inhalation (DPI) formulation. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated (Ka, Ke, T max , C max , AUC, and Vd) and these results indicated that developed formulations extended half life compared to conventional formulation with onefold to fourfold improved local and systemic bioavailability. Estimates of relative bioavailability suggested that developed formulations have excellent lung deposition characteristics with extended T 1/2 from 9.4 to 14 h compared to conventional formulation. Anti-inflammatory activity of BUD and developed formulations was compared and found to be similar. Cytotoxicity was determined in A549 alveolar epithelial cell line and found to be not toxic. In vivo pulmonary deposition of developed conventional formulation was studied using gamma scintigraphy and results indicated potential in vitro-in vivo correlation in performance of conventional BUD DPI formulation. From the DPI formulation prepared with porous particles, the concentration of BUD increased fourfold in the lungs, indicating pulmonary targeting potential of developed formulations.

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“…During this rapid changing phase of IL-6 expression after injury, each treatment's peak action on IL-6 expression would be affected by several factors, such as the concentration of maximal inhibition of IL-6, 25,26 time for peak effect on IL-6, 21,27 their mean time concentration in cornea, 28,29 rate of accumulation in the cornea 30 and each drug's intrinsic inhibitory effect on IL-6 cytokine. 25 Second, IL-6 is pleiotrophic and also has dual actions, proinflammtory and antiinflammtory. 21,[31][32][33][34] The high expression of IL-6 in the treatment group can be interpreted as antiinflammatory (immunomodualting) action of IL-6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%