Inhibitory effect of allicin on the growth of Babesia and Theileria equi parasites

Salama, Akram; AbouLaila, Mahmoud; Terkawi, Mohamad Alaa; Mousa, Ahmed Abdelmoniem; Elsify, Ahmed; Allaam, Mahmoud; Zaghawa, Ahmed; Yokoyama, Naoki; Igarashi, Ikuo

doi:10.1007/s00436-013-3654-2

Cited by 53 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Therefore, clofazimine may need to be accompanied by another drug to augment its effect and prevent the regrowth of parasites. Since clofazimine is typically used in combination with other drugs as a multidrug therapy for the treatment of leprosy and tuberculosis, clofazimine efficacy might be improved by combining it with other drugs such as (Ϫ)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (28) or allicin (29), both of which are reported to inhibit Babesia and Theileria in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, as an example of drug repurposing (30), the oral administration of clofazimine, especially with its lower toxicity than that of diminazene aceturate, might be an alternative treatment for animal babesiosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clofazimine Inhibits the Growth of Babesia and Theileria Parasites In Vitro and In Vivo

Tuvshintulga

AbouLaila

Davaasuren

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The present study evaluated the growth-inhibitory effects of clofazimine, currently used for treating leprosy, against Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi, and Theileria equi in in vitro culture and against Babesia microti in mice. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 s) of clofazimine against the in vitro growth of B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi, and T. equi were 4.5, 3, 4.3, and 0.29 M, respectively. In mice infected with B. microti, treatment with 20 mg/kg of body weight of clofazimine administered orally resulted in a significantly lower peak parasitemia (5.3%) than that in the control group (45.9%), which was comparable to the subcutaneous administration of 25 mg/kg diminazene aceturate, the most widely used treatment for animal piroplasmosis. Although slight anemia was observed in both clofazimine-and diminazene aceturate-treated infected mice, the level and duration of anemia were lower and shorter, respectively, than those in untreated infected mice. Using blood transfusions and PCR, we also examined whether clofazimine completely killed B. microti. On day 40 postinfection, when blood analysis was performed, parasites were not found in blood smears; however, the DNA of B. microti was detected in the blood of clofaziminetreated animals and in several tissues of clofazimine-and diminazene aceturate-treated mice by PCR. The growth of parasites was observed in mice after blood transfusions from clofazimine-treated mice. In conclusion, clofazimine showed excellent inhibitory effects against Babesia and Theileria in vitro and in vivo, and further study on clofazimine is required for the future development of a novel chemotherapy with high efficacy and safety against animal piroplasmosis and, possibly, human babesiosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clofazimine Inhibits the Growth of Babesia and Theileria Parasites In Vitro and In Vivo

Tuvshintulga

AbouLaila

Davaasuren

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…The allicin generated is very unstable, rapidly converting into a series of other sulfur-containing compounds such as diallyl disulfide. Additionally, allicin exhibits antifungal (12), antiviral (13), and antiprotozoal activities (14). Interestingly, our results demonstrate robust growth of Leuconostoc spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

Garlic is a source of major lactic acid bacteria for early-stage fermentation of cabbage-kimchi

Lim

Shin

Moon

et al. 2015

Food Sci Biotechnol

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The major lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains in cabbage-kimchi and their origins were investigated by single component omission analysis. Cabbage-kimchi samples were prepared by omitting each of the ingredients (garlic, ginger, chive, red pepper, and fish sauce), and microbial dynamics were monitored during fermentation. Fingerprinting analysis, using polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), and sequencing of the PCR products, revealed that Leuconostoc citreum, Weissella cibaria, W. confusa, and Lactococcus lactis were the predominant species present in kimchi after 3 days of fermentation. Of these, Leuconostoc sp. and Weissella sp. were mainly derived from garlic. Similar analyses confirmed the presence of Leuconostoc spp., Weissella sp., and Lactobacillus sp. in various garlic products (mainly peeled garlic). These results demonstrate that garlic is an important constituent among raw ingredients since it provides LAB for the early stages of cabbage-kimchi fermentation.

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“…Allicin dose dependently inhibited the in-vitro growth of Babesia bovis , Babesia bigemina , Babesia caballi or Theileria equi with IC 50 values of 818, 675, 470 and 742 μM, respectively (Salama et al 2014 ). Moreover, allicin significantly inhibited the invasion of B. bovis , B. bigemina , B. caballi and T. equi into the host erythrocyte.…”

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Allium sativum

Lim¹

2014

Edible Medicinal and Non Medicinal Plants

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Inhibitory effect of allicin on the growth of Babesia and Theileria equi parasites

Cited by 53 publications

References 34 publications

Clofazimine Inhibits the Growth of Babesia and Theileria Parasites In Vitro and In Vivo

Clofazimine Inhibits the Growth of Babesia and Theileria Parasites In Vitro and In Vivo

Garlic is a source of major lactic acid bacteria for early-stage fermentation of cabbage-kimchi

Allium sativum

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