Inhibitory control, dyadic social behavior, and mental health difficulties in preschoolers

Hassan, Raha

doi:10.1111/cdev.13725

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…An inhibitory control composite score was derived from parental report and performance on the dinky toys and Flanker tasks. A confirmatory factor analysis supporting the use of a composite of inhibitory control using these three indicators has been previously published in a separate paper examining the curvilinear relation between inhibitory control and avoidant social behaviors with an unfamiliar peer (Hassan & Schmidt, 2022). Given the inclusion of a 3-way interaction in the present study, our relatively limited sample size, and the greater number of participants required for structural equation modeling, we elected to use an observed rather than latent variable of inhibitory control.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Shyness, inhibitory control, and social support seeking in preschoolers: Role of familiar and unfamiliar contexts.

Hassan¹

2023

Emotion

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The risk potentiation model of cognitive control posits that inhibitory control may heighten the risk for problematic outcomes among some temperamental styles characterized by high reactivity. Because shyness is a temperamental style defined as wariness and heightened reactivity to social novelty, we examined whether the interaction between shyness and inhibitory control predicted social support seeking differently depending on context using a between-subjects design. Typically developing preschoolers (N = 167, 52% female, M age = 4.05 years, SD age = .77 years) were observed during a model building task that included a familiar (i.e., with their mother) or unfamiliar (i.e., with a novel adult female) social context. In the unfamiliar context, shyness was negatively associated with social support seeking at relatively high levels of inhibitory control, in line with the risk potentiation model of control. However, in the familiar context, we found that shyness was positively associated with social support seeking at relatively high levels of inhibitory control. These results suggest that high levels of inhibitory control may potentiate social fear for preschoolers who are also shy and that these relations may depend on contextual factors.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Shyness, inhibitory control, and social support seeking in preschoolers: Role of familiar and unfamiliar contexts.

Hassan¹

2023

Emotion

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“…Thus, anxiety, assessed as a personality trait here, may not only be a sign of hyperactivating emotion regulation (i.e., low self-regulation) but also a sign of constant overcontrol. Recent research supports Block’s theoretical perspective by showing a U-shaped association between self-control and mental health problems (Hassan and Schmidt, 2021 ) where children with low levels of self-control and also children with high levels of self-control show increased internalizing and externalizing problems. Self-regulation and self-control are sometimes conceptually confounded in research but may have different implications for adjustment or clinical symptoms (Nigg, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Longitudinal Influences of DRD4 Polymorphism and Early Maternal Caregiving on Personality Development and Problem Behavior in Middle Childhood and Adolescence

Zimmermann

Spangler

2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Most studies examining gene-environment effects on self-regulation focus on outcomes early childhood or adulthood. However, only a few studies investigate longitudinal effects during middle childhood and adolescence and compare two domains of early caregiving. In a longitudinal follow-up with a sample of N = 87, we studied the effects of differences in the DRD4 tandem repeat polymorphisms and two domains of early maternal caregiving quality on children’s personality development using Block’s California Child Q-Set (CCQ) at age six and age 12 and on problem behavior at ages six and seven. Early maternal regulation quality predicted later ego-resiliency and aggressiveness. In addition, significant gene-environment interactions revealed that children with the 7+ DRD4 tandem repeat polymorphism and poor maternal regulation quality in infancy showed lower scores in ego-resiliency and higher scores in ego-undercontrol and CCQ aggressiveness. In contrast, children who had experienced effective maternal regulation in infancy showed a comparable level in personality traits and problem behavior as the DRD4 7- group independent of the levels of maternal regulatory behavior. Similarly, longitudinal caregiving × DRD4 interactions were found for behavior problems in middle childhood, especially for oppositional-aggression, inattentive-hyperactivity, and social competence. Early caregiving effects were only found for maternal regulation quality, but not for maternal responsiveness. Effective early maternal regulation in infancy can moderate the negative effect of DRD4 7+ on children’s self-regulation in middle childhood and adolescence. However, maternal responsiveness has no comparable effects. It seems relevant to consider several dimensions of early caregiving and to also measure the environment in more detail in gene-environment studies.

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“…Household income was only marginally related to inhibitory control ( r = .17, p = .094), and unrelated to shyness, observed approach, or observed avoidance ( p s ≥ .201). Following a previous article published with the same data set examining a separate question related to inhibitory control (Hassan & Schmidt, 2022), we elected to control for gender and household income in the following analyses…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these results fit with the larger body of research suggesting that if a child is shy, inhibitory control may interfere with approach behaviors in a social context (Brooker et al, 2016; Hassan & Schmidt, 2023; Henderson, 2010; Lahat et al, 2014; Lamm et al, 2014; Poole et al, 2021; Rodrigues et al, 2022; Thorell et al, 2004; Troller-Renfree et al, 2019; White et al, 2011). Rather than considering inhibitory control a panacea, it may be more helpful for parents and educators to think about inhibitory control like any other individual differences factor that may be helpful in some contexts (e.g., when working on an assignment independently) or at a certain level (e.g., moderate levels of inhibitory control), and confer risk in other contexts (e.g., when combined with high levels of shyness in a social context) or at a different level (e.g., very low or very high levels of inhibitory control; Hassan & Schmidt, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shyness and inhibitory control in preschool dyads: An actor–partner model of social behavior.

Hassan,

Schmidt

2024

Developmental Psychology

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The risk potentiation model of cognitive control posits that inhibitory control heightens children’s risk for problematic outcomes in the context of shyness because it limits shy children’s ability to engage flexibly with their environment. Although there is empirical support for the risk potentiation model, most studies have been restricted to parent report of children’s outcomes and do not consider the influence of shyness and inhibitory control on other children’s social behavior. In the present study, we used an actor–partner interdependence model to examine whether shyness and inhibitory control at Time 1 (N = 105, 52 girls, Mage = 3.50 years; 87% White; Mincome = between $75,000 and $100,000 in Canadian dollars) predicted children’s own and their partner’s observed social behavior with an unfamiliar peer at Time 2 (Mage = 4.76 years). When the child’s own inhibitory control was high, the child’s own shyness was negatively associated with their own approach behaviors but negatively associated with their partner’s avoidance behaviors. However, when the child’s own inhibitory control was low, the child’s own shyness was unrelated to their own approach behaviors but positively associated with their partner’s avoidance behaviors. Although inhibitory control was negatively associated with approach-related behavior for some shy children, this did not translate to more avoidance from the social partner. These results highlight the importance of examining the child’s own behavior in addition to their partner’s behavior when considering children’s socioemotional development.

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Inhibitory control, dyadic social behavior, and mental health difficulties in preschoolers

Cited by 5 publications

References 106 publications

Shyness, inhibitory control, and social support seeking in preschoolers: Role of familiar and unfamiliar contexts.

Shyness, inhibitory control, and social support seeking in preschoolers: Role of familiar and unfamiliar contexts.

Longitudinal Influences of DRD4 Polymorphism and Early Maternal Caregiving on Personality Development and Problem Behavior in Middle Childhood and Adolescence

Shyness and inhibitory control in preschool dyads: An actor–partner model of social behavior.

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