ASABF is a CS␣-type antimicrobial peptide that contains four intramolecular disulfide bridges (Y. Kato and S. Komatsu, J. Biol. Chem. 271: [30493][30494][30495][30496][30497][30498] 1996). In the present study, a recombinant ASABF was produced by using a yeast expression system, and its antimicrobial activity was characterized in detail. The recombinant ASABF was active against all gram-positive bacteria tested (7 of 7; minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC], 0.03 to 1 g/ml) except Leuconostoc mesenteroides, some gram-negative bacteria (8 of 14; MBC, >0.5 g/ml), and some yeasts (3 of 9; MBC >3 g/ml). Slight hemolytic activity (4.2% at 100 g/ml) against human erythrocytes was observed only under low-ionic-strength conditions. Less than 1 min of contact was enough to kill Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P. The bactericidal activity against S. aureus was inhibited by salts.CS␣-type antimicrobial peptides contain a single ␣ helix and a pair of antiparallel  sheets stabilized by three or four intramolecular disulfide bridges (9). Insect defensins that contain three intramolecular disulfide bridges (7, 12), drosomycin (isolated from the fruit fly [Drosophila melanogaster]) (16), and plant defensin (3), which contains four intramolecular disulfide bridges, have been experimentally demonstrated to be members of a CS␣-type antimicrobial peptide by three-dimensional structural analyses. Some antimicrobial peptides that contain the consensus sequence of insect defensins (6) have been isolated from other arthropods and mollusks (4, 6, 10, 13), suggesting that they should also be CS␣-type antimicrobial peptides. Although these peptides form similar three-dimensional structures, the CS␣-type antimicrobial peptides exhibit diversified antimicrobial spectra. For instance, insect defensins are active against gram-positive bacteria but not against gram-negative bacteria or eukaryotic microbes (9), despite some exceptions (16). In contrast, drosomycin is active against fungi but not against bacteria (14). Plant defensins are categorized into four groups with different antimicrobial spectra, i.e., group I (active against gram-positive bacteria and fungi), group II (active against fungi but inactive against bacteria), group III (active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria but inactive against fungi), and group IV (active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi) (11). In addition, the antimicrobial activities of some CS␣-type antimicrobial peptides are inhibited by salts (5, 17), but those of others are not (15). However, the structure-activity relationship that can explain such diversified antimicrobial characteristics has not been well elucidated. Characterization of novel CS␣-type antimicrobial peptides has been providing novel antimicrobial substances with unique properties (15).ASABF is a novel CS␣-type antimicrobial peptide that contains four intramolecular disulfide bridges isolated from the nematode Ascaris suum (14). In this study, a recombinant ASABF was produced with a yeast express...