Inhibitory Activity of Protected Edible Plants on Oxidative Stress Induced by Oral 1,4-Dioxane

Abstract

1,4-Dioxane (DX) with two oxygen atoms make it hydrophilic and infinitely soluble in water. As a synthetic organic compound, it used widely throughout industry as a solvent. Dioxane causes numerous human ailments such as liver damage and kidney failure. It has been shown in research to be carcinogenic to animals, and is a potential carcinogen to humans. Daily administration for 1,4-dioxane (100 mg/kg body weight) in drinking water for rats weighing 120 g, except for normal control group. Experimental animal for 42 days was followed through body weight, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine, malondialdehyde, and catalase enzyme activity; beside histological patterns for liver, kidney, brain and ovary sections. Protection treatment has been offered using oral injection N-acetyl cysteine (100mg/kg b.wt.), and fresh 200mg/kg b.wt. in diet meal for each of nabk, husk, and sycamore in separated groups. Body weight and CAT activity have decreased by 25.8, and 68.7%, respectively. While increase has found in MDA, ALP and creatinine values by 76, 48.9, and 67.3%, respectively. NAC showed improvement especially for MDA peroxidation marker and creatinine for kidney disorder. On the other hand, nabk improved CAT activity and husk for ALP liver mutagenicity marker. Intoxicated DX showed edema, kupffer cell activation, atrophy of glomerular tuft, and necrosis of neurons in liver, kidney and brain sections. Obviously nabk showed highly improvement in liver toxicity which is the most sensitive organ to DX as found in research.

Comprehensive analysis of DNA adducts (DNA adductome analysis) in the liver of rats treated with 1,4-dioxane

“…Supporting our hypothesis, Mnaa et al reported that administration of 1,4-dioxane increased the concentration of the oxidative stress markers of 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, such as malondialdehyde, in the serum after 42 days of exposure. 19) Moreover, oral injection of the antioxidative agent Nacetyl cysteine decreased malondialdehyde levels compared with the vehicle control and diminished liver toxicity induced by 1,4-dioxane. 19) Similarly, Qiu et al reported that high doses of 1,4-dioxane (500 mg/mL) significantly disrupted various metabolic pathways, concomitantly with renal tissue damage and stimulation of the oxidant defense system, and significantly increased glutathione levels in the urine according to transcriptomics and urine metabolomics analyses.…”

“…19) Moreover, oral injection of the antioxidative agent Nacetyl cysteine decreased malondialdehyde levels compared with the vehicle control and diminished liver toxicity induced by 1,4-dioxane. 19) Similarly, Qiu et al reported that high doses of 1,4-dioxane (500 mg/mL) significantly disrupted various metabolic pathways, concomitantly with renal tissue damage and stimulation of the oxidant defense system, and significantly increased glutathione levels in the urine according to transcriptomics and urine metabolomics analyses. 20) Several studies have reported on the genotoxicity of 1,4-dioxane; however, whether 1,4-dioxane is definitively genotoxic remains controversial.…”