Inhibition of Stem Elongation in <i>Cucumis</i> Seedlings by Blue Light Requires Calcium

Shinkle, James R.; Jones, Russell L.

doi:10.1104/pp.86.3.960

Cited by 58 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A slip knot of fine thread was looped over the cotyledons, and an upward force of 0.5 g maintained contact between the thread and the hook of the hypocotyl (13,21 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Germinating cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings in continuous DRL3 (21) preserves the high rate of hypocotyl elongation seen during etiolation, but plants show an even distribution of elongation along almost all of the stem axis. DG plants adapt to a transfer to DRL through a reorganization of the elongating regions of the hypocotyl into a nongradient pattern.…”

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Adaptation to Dim-Red Light Leads to a Nongradient Pattern of Stem Elongation in Cucumis Seedlings

Shinkle

Sooudi²,

Jones³

1992

Plant Physiol.

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Relative growth rate determinations on 5-millimeter regions of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) hypocotyls show that dim-red lightgrown seedlings have an even distribution of growth along the stem axis. This contrasts with the apical to basal graded decline in growth rate seen in dark-grown seedlings, including dark-grown cucumber seedlings used as controls in this study. Dark-grown seedlings convert to the nongradient pattern when transferred to dim-red light. The small amount of light required suggests that the change in developmental pattern may happen in the natural light environment.A consensus characteristic of stem elongation is a gradient of elongation rates along the stem axis, with high rates of elongation near the apex and a graded decline toward the base. Etiolation is characterized by rapid stem elongation exhibiting a graded pattern (8,9,23,25,28), whereas stem elongation following deetiolation is relatively slow but still exhibits the apical to basal gradient of extension rates (9,10,25). The hypothesis that changes in cell structure and function follow the gradient in growth rate has been tested for several developmental processes (23,25,28).Germinating cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings in continuous DRL3 (21) MATERIALS AND METHODSCucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L. cv Burpee's pickler) were germinated in moist vermiculite and grown under DRL as described previously (21) or in a similar dark room at 24 ± 10C. Experiments were carried out in growth rooms at two locations (Berkeley, CA, and San Antonio, TX). For both locations, the DRL field in the growth room had fluence rates ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 ,Imol m-2 s-'. The light source for DRL emitted 90% of its total output between 600 and 700 nm, with peaks at 638 and 648 nm (13; data not shown).For determination of RGRs (18, 22), marks (carborundum chips, 100 ,um diameter) were placed at 5-mm intervals along hypocotyls of 3.5-to 4-d-old seedlings for total length of 40 to 60 mm. Seedlings were allowed to recover from handling for 2 h before data were taken. Video images were obtained from a Panasonic WV-1850 video camera (Matsushita Electronics, Seacaucus, NJ) that has a high sensitivity to red and IR light. Images of DRL-grown seedlings were obtained using light available in the DRL growth room. DG seedlings were imaged under photomorphogenetically inactive IR illumination (12). For marking and placement for imaging, DG seedlings were exposed to 1 to 2 min of green work light, which was previously shown not to affect growth in this cultivar (8). The images were processed by a personal computer running video digitizer board (Video-Van-Gough, Tekmatic Systems, Ben Lomond, CA) and programs used previously (18). The digitizer located the marks and recorded their position in x and y coordinates on an arbitrary scale. Region lengths were determined by calculating distances between marks and converting numbers from computer units to millimeters using a conversion factor established by measuring known distances. Marks were tracked for 2 h, ...

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“…A slip knot of fine thread was looped over the cotyledons, and an upward force of 0.5 g maintained contact between the thread and the hook of the hypocotyl (13,21 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation to Dim-Red Light Leads to a Nongradient Pattern of Stem Elongation in Cucumis Seedlings

Shinkle

Sooudi²,

Jones³

1992

Plant Physiol.

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“…Figure 3 shows that blue light causes inhibition of elongation within 3 min after the onset of irradiation. When we examined 4-d-old dark-grown plants that had been treated with 10 ,uL L-1 ethylene, we found the latent time for ethylene action to be between 20 and 30 min (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the fluence-response curve, growth rates were determined at 6-min intervals and the effect of blue light was expressed as a percentage of the dark control. For the kinetics of the response, 10 (Table I). Continuous irradiation with blue light, however, fails to inhibit the elongation of these excised internodes (Table I).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shinkle and Jones (10) found that when cucumbers were grown in red light, blue light inhibited the growth of sections by approximately 50%, a much greater degree of inhibition than was seen in sections excised from dark-grown plants (2). Previous experiments with etiolated pea seedlings have demonstrated that exposure to red light results in the suppression of endogenous ethylene production (5).…”

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Ethylene Is Not Involved in the Blue Light-Induced Growth Inhibition of Red Light-Grown Peas

Laskowski

Seradge²,

Shinkle³

et al. 1992

Plant Physiol.

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Although the growth of intact plants is inhibited by irradiation with blue light, the growth rate of isolated stem segments is largely unaffected by blue light. We hypothesized that this loss of responsiveness was a result of ethylene production as part of the wounding response. However, we found no interaction between ethylene-and blue light-induced growth inhibition in dark-or red light-grown seedlings of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Inhibition of growth begins in dark-grown seedlings exposed to blue light within 3 min of the onset of blue light, as was known for red light-grown seedlings. By contrast, ethylene-induced inhibition of growth occurs only after a lag of 20 to 30 min or more (dark-grown seedlings) or 60 min (red light-grown seedlings). Also, the inhibition response of red light-grown seedlings is the same whether ethylene is present from the onset of continuous blue-light treatment or not. Finally the spatial distribution of inhibition following blue light was different from that following ethylene treatment.Blue light irradiation can inhibit stem elongation in dicotyledonous seedlings that have been grown in the dark or in red light by as much as 80% (1,2,6,8 ethylene induced a growth inhibition of approximately 60%. The inhibition began about 6 min after ethylene application in 4-d-old etiolated pea (Pisum sativum) seedlings. In comparison, we found that the latent time for blue light-induced growth inhibition in 6-d-old red light-grown pea seedlings was approximately 2 to 3 min (6). Both ethylene-and blue light-induced growth inhibitions are relieved after the stimulus is removed (6, 11).In addition, it has been observed that when a blue-light response is seen in cut sections, the degree of inhibition caused by blue light is related to physiological conditions known to affect the rate of ethylene production. Shinkle and Jones (10) found that when cucumbers were grown in red light, blue light inhibited the growth of sections by approximately 50%, a much greater degree of inhibition than was seen in sections excised from dark-grown plants (2). Previous experiments with etiolated pea seedlings have demonstrated that exposure to red light results in the suppression of endogenous ethylene production (5). Such results are consistent with the view that blue light might act by increasing ethylene production. In such a case, the wound ethylene produced as a result of excising sections from the stem might saturate the inhibition. Such a saturation would cause an apparent lack of blue-light sensitivity in cut sections. MATERIALS AND METHODSAlaska pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings were grown for 6 d in continuous red light at a fluence rate of 1 gmol m-2 s-' as described by Laskowski and Briggs (6)

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Blue light regulates the accumulation of two psbD-psbC transcripts in barley chloroplasts.

Gamble

Mullet

1989

The EMBO Journal

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Synthesis of D2, a Photosystem II reaction center protein encoded by psbD, is differentially maintained during light‐induced chloroplast maturation. The continued synthesis of D2 is paralleled by selective light‐induced accumulation of two psbD‐psbC transcripts which share a common 5′ terminus. In the present study, we examine the nature of the photoreceptor and the fluence requirement for psbD‐psbC transcript induction. The light‐induced change in psbD‐psbC RNA population can be detected between 1 and 2 h after 4.5 day old dark‐grown barley seedlings are transferred to the light. Light‐induced transcript accumulation occurs normally in the chlorophyll‐deficient barley mutant, xan‐f10, indicating that light‐activated chlorophyll formation and photosynthesis are not required for RNA induction. High fluence blue light fully induces psbD‐psbC transcript accumulation; low or high fluence red or far‐red light do not. However, psbD‐psbC transcript accumulation elicited by blue light pulses can be partially attenuated if far‐red light is given immediately following the blue light treatment. Thus, although blue light is needed to initiate transcript accumulation, phytochrome modulates the amplitude of the response. Pretreatment of dark‐grown plants with cycloheximide blocks light‐induced psbD‐psbC transcript accumulation. This could implicate a blue‐light responsive nuclear gene in the light‐induced accumulation of the two psbD‐psbC transcripts.

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Inhibition of Stem Elongation in Cucumis Seedlings by Blue Light Requires Calcium

Cited by 58 publications

References 14 publications

Adaptation to Dim-Red Light Leads to a Nongradient Pattern of Stem Elongation in Cucumis Seedlings

Adaptation to Dim-Red Light Leads to a Nongradient Pattern of Stem Elongation in Cucumis Seedlings

Ethylene Is Not Involved in the Blue Light-Induced Growth Inhibition of Red Light-Grown Peas

Blue light regulates the accumulation of two psbD-psbC transcripts in barley chloroplasts.

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