Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Virus Entry by the Crude Polysaccharides of Seaweeds and Abalone Viscera In Vitro

Yim, Sung-Kun; Kim, Kian; Kim, In-Hee; Chun, Sang-Ho; Oh, Tae-Kwang; Kim, Jin-Ung; Kim, Jungwon; Jung, WooHuk; Moon, Ho-Sang; Ku, Bosung; Jung, Kyungsook

doi:10.3390/md19040219

Cited by 49 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Recently, sulfated polysaccharides have earned significant attention for their effective inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2 ( Hans et al, 2020 ; Kwon et al, 2020 ), such as heparin ( Ayerbe et al, 2020 ), fucoidan ( Song et al, 2020 ), and carrageenan ( Jang et al, 2021 ). These sulfated polysaccharides could bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, so to prevent virus entry into the host cells ( Yim et al, 2021 ). Given that the COVID-19 epidemic is still going on, more efforts are needed to discover effective anti-virus agents against SARS-CoV-2 in the present urgent situation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural characterization and SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory activity of a sulfated polysaccharide from Caulerpa lentillifera

You

Song

Wang

et al. 2022

Carbohydrate Polymers

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Caulerpa lentillifera (Bryopsidophyceae, Chlorophyta) is an edible seaweed attracting great attention for its expansion of farming scale and increasing consumption in these years. In the present study, a sulfated polysaccharide (CLSP-2) was isolated and separated from C. lentillifera , and its chemical structure was elucidated by a series of chemical and spectroscopic methods. Among these methods, mild acid hydrolysis and photocatalytic degradation were applied to release mono- and oligo-saccharide fragments which were further identified by HPLC-MS n analysis, affording the information of the sugar sequences and the sulfate substitution in CLSP-2. Results indicated that the backbone of CLSP-2 was constructed of →6)-β-Man p -(1→ with sulfated branches at C2, which were comprised of prevalent →3)-β-Gal p 4S-(1→, →3)-β-Gal p 2,4S-(1→, and minor Xyl. In addition, the virus neutralization assay revealed that CLSP-2 could effectively protect HeLa cells against SARS-CoV-2 infection with an IC 50 of 48.48 μg/mL. Hence, the present study suggests CLSP-2 as a promising agent against SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural characterization and SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory activity of a sulfated polysaccharide from Caulerpa lentillifera

You

Song

Wang

et al. 2022

Carbohydrate Polymers

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“…These results indicate that SX effectively interferes with interaction of S-glycoprotein and ACE2, but FX does not. In recent studies, sulfated polysaccharides [ 28 , 29 ], fucoidan [ 30 ], and some crude polysaccharide extractions [ 31 ] effectively inhibited SARS-CoV-2 entry in vitro. According to studies so far, highly branched and sulfated polysaccharides with high molecular weight can effectively inhibit COVID-19 viral infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Activity of Two Marine Carotenoids against SARS-CoV-2 Virus Entry In Silico and In Vitro

Yim

Kim

Warren

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The marine carotenoids fucoxanthin and siphonaxanthin are powerful antioxidants that are attracting focused attention to identify a variety of health benefits and industry applications. In this study, the binding energy of these carotenoids with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike-glycoprotein was predicted by molecular docking simulation, and their inhibitory activity was confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus on HEK293 cells overexpressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Siphonaxanthin from Codium fragile showed significant antiviral activity with an IC50 of 87.4 μM against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry, while fucoxanthin from Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll did not. The acute toxicities were predicted to be relatively low, and pharmacokinetic predictions indicate GI absorption. Although further studies are needed to elucidate the inhibition of viral infection by siphonaxanthin, these results provide useful information in the application of these marine carotenoids for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19.

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“…Besides inhibiting viral attachment, algal-derived sulfated glycans also inhibit virus penetration, exteriorization, uncoating, transcription, and translation processes [27]. Indeed, in previous work, the fucoidan from brown alga and the carrageenan from red alga possess antiviral activity [26,[28][29][30]. In this research, we found that RS from M. nitidum is as competitive as the fucoidans and iota-carrageenan in its potential to combat COVID-19 [26,28], which is reflected by its high capacity in binding the S-protein and neutralizing the pseudotyped virus in vitro.…”

Section: In Vitro Sars-cov-2 Pseudotyped Virus Neutralizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Rhamnan Sulfate from Monostroma nitidum

Wang

Rodrigues

et al. 2021

Marine Drugs

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The COVID-19 pandemic is a major human health concern. The pathogen responsible for COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), invades its host through the interaction of its spike (S) protein with a host cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In addition to ACE2, heparan sulfate (HS) on the surface of host cells also plays a significant role as a co-receptor. Our previous studies demonstrated that sulfated glycans, such as heparin and fucoidans, show anti-COVID-19 activities. In the current study, rhamnan sulfate (RS), a polysaccharide with a rhamnose backbone from a green seaweed, Monostroma nitidum, was evaluated for binding to the S-protein from SARS-CoV-2 and inhibition of viral infectivity in vitro. The structural characteristics of RS were investigated by determining its monosaccharide composition and performing two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. RS inhibition of the interaction of heparin, a highly sulfated HS, with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (from wild type and different mutant variants) was studied using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In competitive binding studies, the IC50 of RS against the S-protein receptor binding domain (RBD) binding to immobilized heparin was 1.6 ng/mL, which is much lower than the IC50 for heparin (~750 ng/mL). RS showed stronger inhibition than heparin on the S-protein RBD or pseudoviral particles binding to immobilized heparin. Finally, in an in vitro cell-based assay, RS showed strong antiviral activities against wild type SARS-CoV-2 and the delta variant.

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Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Virus Entry by the Crude Polysaccharides of Seaweeds and Abalone Viscera In Vitro

Cited by 49 publications

References 30 publications

Structural characterization and SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory activity of a sulfated polysaccharide from Caulerpa lentillifera

Structural characterization and SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory activity of a sulfated polysaccharide from Caulerpa lentillifera

Antiviral Activity of Two Marine Carotenoids against SARS-CoV-2 Virus Entry In Silico and In Vitro

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Rhamnan Sulfate from Monostroma nitidum

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