Inhibition of nitrification by potassium ethyl xanthate in soil and in liquid culture

Underhill, S E; Prosser, James I.

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(85)90119-1

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The cells were then grown in batch culture in the presence of 1.5 pg PEX ml-I, giving a specific growth rate of 0-019 h-' (SE = 0.001) and a lag phase of 63 h (SE = 6-65). These values are not significantly different from those for cells cultured in the absence of PEX (Underhill & Prosser, 1985) and grown in batch culture with 1.5 pg PEX ml-l. Nitrobacter cells were removed from a chemostat after 1000 h exposure to 1.0 pg PEX ml-' and were then grown in batch culture in the absence of PEX. A specific growth of 0.059 h-' (SE = 0.008) was observed, which was not significantly different from that of cells routinely cultured in the absence of PEX and then grown in the presence of 1.0 pg PEX ml-l (0.056 h-I, SE = 0-002).…”

Section: Ammonia and Nitrite Oxidation In Batch Culturementioning

confidence: 51%

“…This was supported by studies of growth on anion and cation exchange resin beads, which demonstrated that substrate adsorption was the major factor in surface colonization of nitrifying bacteria (Underhill & Prosser, 1987).…”

Section: S E U N D E R H I L L a N D J I P R O S S E Rmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…were kindly supplied by Dr R. M. Macdonald, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, UK. Techniques for the maintenance of cultures and for assessment of growth and contamination by heterotrophs were described by Underhill & Prosser (1985). The inorganic medium of Skinner & Walker (1961) was used in all experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sodium carbonate solution (5%, w/v) was added to all media after autoclaving at 121 "C for 20 min, to give a final pH of 8.0, and was also used to maintain this pH during growth of Nitrosomonas, which results in production of nitrous acid. All experiments were done at 30 "C, axenic cultures were used throughout and regular checks were made for contamination by heterotrophic organisms as described by Underhill & Prosser (1985).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These compounds release carbon disulphide which is a potent inhibitor of nitrification (Powlson & Jenkinson, 1971) and the most suitable compound for field application is potassium ethyl xanthate (PEX), which provides a slow release of carbon disulphide in the soil over several weeks. Underhill & Prosser (1985) studied inhibition of nitrification by PEX in sterilized soil and in liquid batch culture inoculated with Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter sp. Soil provided protection from inhibition of both ammonia and nitrite oxidation but within each experimental system the two processes were affected to different extents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhibition and Stimulation of Nitrification by Potassium Ethyl Xanthate

Underhill¹,

Prosser²

1987

Microbiology

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Inhibition of autotrophic ammonia and nitrite oxidation by potassium ethyl xanthate (PEX) was studied in ammonium-and nitrite-limited chemostat cultures of Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter, respectively. Ammonia and nitrite oxidation were both stimulated by addition of low concentrations of PEX (0-1 pg ml-I ), which significantly decreased steady-state substrate concentrations and increased steady-state cell concentrations. Addition of similar concentrations to exponentially growing cultures resulted in a slight stimulation of growth of Nitrobacter but did not affect Nitrosomonas. Inhibition of ammonia and nitrite oxidation by higher concentrations of PEX resulted in establishment of steady states without induction of lag phases, observed in batch culture, which would have resulted in wash-out. Establishment of steady states occurred more quickly and with less variation in substrate concentrations following addition of inhibitory rather than stimulatory concentrations of PEX. Steady-state data indicate that PEX may act as a competitive inhibitor of nitrite oxidation by Nitrobacter.

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Section: Ammonia and Nitrite Oxidation In Batch Culturementioning

confidence: 51%

Section: S E U N D E R H I L L a N D J I P R O S S E Rmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Inhibition and Stimulation of Nitrification by Potassium Ethyl Xanthate

Underhill¹,

Prosser²

1987

Microbiology

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Surface attachment of nitrifying bacteria and their inhibition by potassium ethyl xanthate

Underhill

Prosser

1987

Microb Ecol

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Ion exchange resins and glass microscope slides were used to investigate factors affecting attachment of nitrifying bacteria to solid surfaces and the effect of attachment on inhibition ofNitrobacter by potassium ethyl xanthate. The ammonium oxidizerNitrosomonas attached preferentially to cation exchange resins while the nitrite oxidizerNitrobacter colonized anion exchange resins more extensively. Colonization was always associated with growth, and the site of substrate (NH4 (+) or NO2 (-)) adsorption was the major factor in attachment and colonization. The specific growth rate of cells colonizing either ion exchange resin beads or glass surfaces was greater than that of freely suspended cells, butNitrobacter populations colonizing glass surfaces were more sensitive to the inhibitor potassium ethyl xanthate. The findings indicate that surface growth alone does not protect soil nitrifying bacteria from inhibition by potassium ethyl xanthate and explain different patterns of inhibition for ammonium and nitrite oxidizers in the soil.

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Toxicity of nickel to soil microbial community with and without the presence of its mineral collectors—a calorimetric approach

Bararunyeretse

Yao

2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The toxicity of nickel and three of its main collectors, sodium isopropyl xanthate (SIPX), sodium ethyl xanthate (SEX), and potassium ethyl xanthate (PEX) to soil microbial activity, was analyzed, individually and as a binary combination of nickel and each of the collectors. The investigation was performed through the microcalorimetric analysis method. For the single chemicals, all power-time curves exhibited lag, exponential, stationary, and death phases of microbial growth. Different parameters exhibited a significant adverse effect of the analyzed chemicals on soil microbial activity, with a positive relationship between the inhibitory ratio and the chemical dose (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). A peak power reduction level of 24.23% was noted for 50 μg g soil in the case of Ni while for the mineral collectors, only 5 μg g soil and 50 μg g soil induced a peak power reduction level of over 35 and 50%, respectively, in general. The inhibitory ratio ranged in the following order: PEX > SEX > SIPX > Ni. Similar behavior was observed with the mixture toxicity whose inhibitory ratio substantially decreased (maximum decrease of 38.35%) and slightly increased (maximum increase of 15.34%), in comparison with the single toxicity of mineral collectors and nickel, respectively. The inhibitory ratio of the mixture toxicity was positively correlated (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) with the total dose of the mixture. In general, the lesser and higher toxic effects are those of mixtures containing SIPX and PEX, respectively.

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Inhibition of nitrification by potassium ethyl xanthate in soil and in liquid culture

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Inhibition and Stimulation of Nitrification by Potassium Ethyl Xanthate

Inhibition and Stimulation of Nitrification by Potassium Ethyl Xanthate

Surface attachment of nitrifying bacteria and their inhibition by potassium ethyl xanthate

Toxicity of nickel to soil microbial community with and without the presence of its mineral collectors—a calorimetric approach

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