Inhibition of Melanoma Cells A375 by Carotenoid Extract and Nanoemulsion Prepared from Pomelo Leaves

Liu, Man-Hai; Li, Yifen; Chen, Bing‐Huei

doi:10.3390/plants10102129

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…The intrinsic pathway is modulated by the mentioned molecules of the Bcl2 family, whereas increased levels of the Bax/Bcl2 heterodimer activate the caspase-3 and subsequently initiate apoptotic changes in cancer cells (Abotaleb et al, 2018). Numerous research data described significant regulatory effects of phytochemicals in Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 signaling on cancer (Khan et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2021;Salamatullah et al, 2021). This study documented a significant rise in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in rat BC specimens in vivo after the treatment with both salvia doses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salvia officinalis L. exerts oncostatic effects in rodent and in vitro models of breast carcinoma

Kubatka,

Mazurakova,

Koklesova

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Introduction: Based on extensive data from oncology research, the use of phytochemicals or plant-based nutraceuticals is considered an innovative tool for cancer management. This research aimed to analyze the oncostatic properties of Salvia officinalis L. [Lamiaceae; Salviae officinalis herba] using animal and in vitro models of breast carcinoma (BC).Methods: The effects of dietary administered S. officinalis in two concentrations (0.1%/SAL 0.1/and 1%/SAL 1/) were assessed in both syngeneic 4T1 mouse and chemically induced rat models of BC. The histopathological and molecular evaluations of rodent carcinoma specimens were performed after the autopsy. Besides, numerous in vitro analyses using two human cancer cell lines were performed.Results and Conclusion: The dominant metabolites found in S. officinalis propylene glycol extract (SPGE) were representatives of phenolics, specifically rosmarinic, protocatechuic, and salicylic acids. Furthermore, the occurrence of triterpenoids ursolic and oleanolic acid was proved in SPGE. In a mouse model, a non-significant tumor volume decrease after S. officinalis treatment was associated with a significant reduction in the mitotic activity index of 4T1 tumors by 37.5% (SAL 0.1) and 31.5% (SAL 1) vs. controls (set as a blank group with not applied salvia in the diet). In addition, salvia at higher doses significantly decreased necrosis/whole tumor area ratio by 46% when compared to control tumor samples. In a rat chemoprevention study, S. officinalis at a higher dose significantly lengthened the latency of tumors by 8.5 days and significantly improved the high/low-grade carcinomas ratio vs. controls in both doses. Analyses of the mechanisms of anticancer activities of S. officinalis included well-validated prognostic, predictive, and diagnostic biomarkers that are applied in both oncology practice and preclinical investigation. Our assessment in vivo revealed numerous significant changes after a comparison of treated vs. untreated cancer cells. In this regard, we found an overexpression in caspase-3, an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and a decrease in MDA, ALDH1, and EpCam expression. In addition, salvia reduced TGF-β serum levels in rats (decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α levels were with borderline significance). Evaluation of epigenetic modifications in rat cancer specimens in vivo revealed a decline in the lysine methylations of H3K4m3 and an increase in lysine acetylation in H4K16ac levels in treated groups. Salvia decreased the relative levels of oncogenic miR21 and tumor-suppressive miR145 (miR210, miR22, miR34a, and miR155 were not significantly altered). The methylation of ATM and PTEN promoters was decreased after S. officinalis treatment (PITX2, RASSF1, and TIMP3 promoters were not altered). Analyzing plasma metabolomics profile in tumor-bearing rats, we found reduced levels of ketoacids derived from BCAAs after salvia treatment. In vitro analyses revealed significant anti-cancer effects of SPGE extract in MCF‐7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines (cytotoxicity, caspase‐3/-7, Bcl‐2, Annexin V/PI, cell cycle, BrdU, and mitochondrial membrane potential). Our study demonstrates the significant chemopreventive and treatment effects of salvia haulm using animal or in vitro BC models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salvia officinalis L. exerts oncostatic effects in rodent and in vitro models of breast carcinoma

Kubatka,

Mazurakova,

Koklesova

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 were determined by a fluorometric assay-based kit as described in a previous study by Liu et al [ 15 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on Inhibition of Breast Cancer Cells and Tumors in Mice by Carotenoid Extract and Nanoemulsion Prepared from Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Peel

Hsu

Chen

2022

Pharmaceutics

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The objectives of this study were to determine carotenoid composition in sweet potato (TNG66) peel and prepare carotenoid nanoemulsion to study its inhibition effect on breast cancer cells MCF-7 and tumors in mice. Results showed that a total of 10 carotenoids were separated within 30 min by employing a YMC C30 column and a gradient mobile phase of methanol/acetonitrile/water (74:14:12, v/v/v) and dichloromethane (B) with a flow rate of 1 mL/min, column temperature of 25 °C, and detection wavelength of 450 nm. Following quantitation, all-trans-β-carotene was present in the highest amount (663.8 μg/g). The method validation data demonstrated a high accuracy and precision of this method. The carotenoid nanoemulsion was prepared by mixing an appropriate proportion of carotenoid extract, Tween 80, PEG 400, soybean oil and deionized water with the mean particle size being 15.7 nm (transmission electron microscope (TEM)), polydispersity index 0.238, encapsulation efficiency 97% and zeta potential −69.8 mV. A high stability of carotenoid nanoemulsion was shown over a 90-day storage period at 25 °C and during heating at 100 °C for 2 h. The release percentage of total carotenoids from carotenoid nanoemulsion under gastric and intestinal condition was 18.3% and 49.1%, respectively. An antiproliferation study revealed that carotenoid nanoemulsion was more effective than carotenoid extract in inhibiting the growth of human breast cancer cells MCF-7. Following treatments of paclitaxel (10 μg/mL), carotenoid nanoemulsion (20 and 10 μg/mL) and carotenoid extract (20 and 10 μg/mL), the tumor weight of mice respectively decreased by 77.4, 56.2, 40.3, 36.1 and 18.7%, as well as tumor volume of mice by 75.4, 65.0, 49.7, 46.7 and 26.5%. Also, both carotenoid extract and nanoemulsion could reduce the levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum, with the latter being more effective. This finding suggested that carotenoid nanoemulsion was more effective than carotenoid extract in inhibiting tumor growth in mice.

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“…Carotenoids are extracted from Pomelo Leaves and its nanoemulsified form found to inhibit Melanoma Cells A375. The inhibition of cell growth is by upregulation Bax and cytochrome-C via stimulation of caspase-9,8 and 3 and downregulation cylindependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and cylin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) [34]. The decline of cylin-dependent kinase 1(CDK1) and cylindependent kinase 2 (CDK2) expressions subsequently culminates cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase.…”

Section: Carotenoid Nanoemulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Discrete Nanoformulated Flavonoids and Its Implication in Cancer

M.,

PADMINI

2023

Int J App Pharm

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The nanoformulation of phytochemical has been developed to withdraw the drawbacks of conventional phytochemical. Nanoformulations are the nanosized particles, modified in order to improve the delivery of active phytochemicals in the target, to improve bioavailability, and solubility. Early researches shows that various phytochemicals like curcumin, Hesperidin, resveratrol, ellagic acid, essential oil, Naringenin, and quercitin are highly modified to form the nanoformulated compounds to improve its bio-activities. The nanoformulated phytochemicals are syntheized by various methods such as high energy and low energy emulsification, electrostatic stabilization, emulsification/reverse salting-out, nanoprecipitation, emulsification/solvent diffusion, solvent evaporation, and multi-arm Nanoconjugates, enzyme responsive nanoconjugates, core-crosslinked nanoconjugate hydrophobic–hydrophilic nanoconjugates, and nanoconjugate-based solid dispersion. Interestingly, the encapsulation of phytochemicals with surfactants, oils, emulsifying agents, salting-out agents will promote the antioxidant, antitumor, cytotoxic agents and antimicrobial effects than a raw phytochemicals. Various studies showed that phytochemicals are nanoformulated by the nanoemulsion method are better in terms of active target drug delivery, increasing bioavailability and it also act as an effective biological and diagnosting agents. This review focus on Innovative approaches to nanoformulated phytochemicals and their biomedical applications.

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Inhibition of Melanoma Cells A375 by Carotenoid Extract and Nanoemulsion Prepared from Pomelo Leaves

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Salvia officinalis L. exerts oncostatic effects in rodent and in vitro models of breast carcinoma

Salvia officinalis L. exerts oncostatic effects in rodent and in vitro models of breast carcinoma

A Comparative Study on Inhibition of Breast Cancer Cells and Tumors in Mice by Carotenoid Extract and Nanoemulsion Prepared from Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Peel

An Overview of Discrete Nanoformulated Flavonoids and Its Implication in Cancer

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